CFTR mRNA compositions and related methods and uses

ABSTRACT

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an mRNA-loaded nanoparticle, wherein the mRNA is an in vitro transcribed mRNA and has a coding sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, and wherein the mRNA encodes a human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 are provided. The present invention is particularly useful for treating cystic fibrosis.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/307,322, filed Jun. 17, 2014, which is acontinuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/028849,filed Mar. 14, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/783,663, filed Mar. 14, 2013, the disclosure of eachof which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The present specification makes reference to a Sequence Listing(submitted electronically as a .txt file named“2015-10-06_2006685-1214_SL.txt” on Oct. 6, 2015). The .txt file wasgenerated on Oct. 6, 2015 and is 83,871 bytes in size. The entirecontents of the Sequence Listing are herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator(CFTR) mRNA compositions, uses of same, and methods of making and usingsame.

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal inherited disorder resulting frommutation of the CFTR gene, which encodes a chloride ion channel believedto be involved in regulation of multiple other ion channels andtransport systems in epithelial cells. Loss of function of CFTR resultsin chronic lung disease, aberrant mucus production, and dramaticallyreduced life expectancy. See generally Rowe et al., New Engl. J. Med.352, 1992-2001 (2005).

Despite cloning of the CFTR gene in 1989, effective therapy forreplacing CFTR for the treatment of cystic fibrosis has yet to bedeveloped. The literature has documented numerous difficultiesencountered in attempting to induce expression of CFTR in the lung. Forexample, viral vectors comprising CFTR DNA triggered immune responsesand CF symptoms persisted after administration. Conese et al., J. Cyst.Fibros. 10 Suppl 2, S114-28 (2011); Rosenecker et al., Curr. Opin. Mol.Ther. 8, 439-45 (2006). Non-viral delivery of DNA, including CFTR DNA,has also been reported to trigger immune responses. Alton et al., Lancet353, 947-54 (1999); Rosenecker et al., J Gene Med. 5, 49-60 (2003).Furthermore, non-viral DNA vectors encounter the additional problem thatthe machinery of the nuclear pore complex does not ordinarily import DNAinto the nucleus, where transcription would occur. Pearson, Nature 460,164-69 (2009).

Another source of difficulties in inducing CFTR expression in the lungis the lung environment itself. Pulmonary surfactant has been reportedto reduce transfection efficiency for cationic lipid transfer vehiclessuch as Lipofectamine (DOSPA:DOPE). Ernst et al., J. Gene Med. 1, 331-40(1999).

Also, Rosenecker et al., 2003, supra, identified multiple inhibitorycomponents present in the airway surface liquid which can interfere witheither polymer-mediated or lipid-mediated transfection. Messenger RNAtherapy has been proposed as a general approach for inducing expressionof a therapeutic or replacement protein. The concept of introduction ofmessenger RNA (mRNA) as a means of protein production within a host hasbeen reported previously (Yamamoto, A. et al. Eur. J. Pharm. 2009, 71,484-489; Debus, H. et al. J. Control Rel. 2010, 148, 334-343). However,apparent lung-specific difficulties have been reported for mRNA deliveryusing certain lipoplexes formulations. For example, a comparison of invitro and in vivo performance of lipoplexes carrying mRNA or DNArevealed that even though the mRNA composition gave higher expression incultured cells, measurable expression was detected only with the DNAcomposition when administered intranasally to mouse lung. Andries etal., Mol. Pharmaceut. 9, 2136-45 (2012).

It should also be noted that CFTR is a relatively large gene relative tomodel or reporter genes such as firefly luciferase (FFL). Compare thelengths of the wild-type CFTR coding sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) and the FFLcoding sequence (SEQ ID NO: 7). The difference in length can impactstability under some circumstances, and therefore whether and how muchprotein expression any given dose of mRNA will produce. Furthermore,although in vitro synthesis of mRNA is generally preferable to synthesisby cells due to the absence of normal cellular mRNA and other cellularcomponents which constitute undesirable contaminants, in vitro synthesisof mRNA with a long coding sequence, such as CFTR mRNA, is substantiallymore difficult to achieve than in vitro synthesis of mRNA with arelatively short coding sequence such as FFL.

PCT patent publication WO2007/024708 and US patent publicationsUS2010/0203627 and US2011/0035819 discuss the therapeutic administrationof CFTR mRNA but provide neither a demonstrated reduction to practice ofproduction of functional CFTR in the lung following administration ofCFTR mRNA or sufficient guidance for overcoming the difficultiesassociated with inducing CFTR expression in the lung using invitro-transcribed CFTR mRNA. These include difficulties with achievingin vitro synthesis of the mRNA and difficulties specific to theinteractions of mRNA compositions with lung-specific substances thatinvestigators such as Andries et al., supra, have found to render mRNAcompositions ineffective for induction of expression even whilecorresponding DNA-based compositions did provide some level ofexpression.

Thus, there is a need for improved materials, formulations, productionmethods, and methods for delivery of CFTR mRNA for induction of CFTRexpression, including in the mammalian lung, for the treatment of cysticfibrosis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is based, in part, on the development offormulations of CFTR mRNA and non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA andmethods of administration thereof that can induce functional CFTRexpression in vivo. The compositions, methods, and uses according to theinvention can provide CFTR expression in the lung of a large mammal witha favorable safety profile suitable for effective treatment of cysticfibrosis.

Thus, in one aspect, the present invention provides a method of in vivoproduction of CFTR, in particular, in the lung of a subject (e.g., amammal) in need of delivery by delivering an mRNA encoding a CFTRprotein. In some embodiments, the mRNA encoding a CFTR protein isdelivered directly to the lung of the subject. As used herein, a “CFTRprotein” encompasses any full length, fragment or portion of a CFTRprotein which can be used to substitute for naturally-occurring CFTRprotein activity and/or reduce the intensity, severity, and/or frequencyof one or more symptoms associated with Cystic fibrosis. For example, asuitable CFTR protein according to the present invention may have anamino acid sequence identical to the wild-type human CFTR protein (SEQID NO:1). In some embodiments, a suitable CFTR protein according to thepresent invention may have an amino acid sequence at least about 70%,75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to thewild-type human CFTR protein (SEQ ID NO:1).

In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of inducing CFTRexpression in epithelial cells in a lung of a mammal, the methodcomprising contacting the epithelial cells in the lung of the mammalwith a composition, wherein: the composition is a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an in vitro transcribed mRNA; the in vitrotranscribed mRNA comprises a coding sequence which encodes SEQ ID NO: 1.In another embodiment, the in vitro transcribed mRNA comprises a codingsequence which encodes an amino acid sequence at least about 70%, 75%,80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of inducing CFTRexpression in a mammalian target cell, the method comprising contactingthe mammalian target cell with a composition, the composition comprisingan in vitro transcribed mRNA encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 1. In another embodiment, the in vitro transcribed mRNA comprises acoding sequence which encodes an amino acid sequence at least about 70%,75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:1.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a non-naturally occurringmRNA molecule comprising a coding sequence, a 5′-UTR, and a 3′-UTR,wherein the coding sequence encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 1 and the coding sequence is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3.In another embodiment, the coding sequence encodes the amino acidsequence at least about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1 and/or the coding sequence is about 50%,55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO: 3.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a non-naturally occurringmRNA molecule comprising a coding sequence, a 5′-UTR, and a 3′-UTR,wherein the coding sequence encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 1 and the coding sequence comprises at least 50%, at least 55%, atleast 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, atleast 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the non-wild-type baseslisted in Table 1 at the positions of the coding sequence listed inTable 1 relative to the wild-type coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a non-naturally occurringmRNA molecule comprising a coding sequence, a 5′-UTR, and a 3′-UTR,wherein the coding sequence encodes the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 1 and the coding sequence comprises at least 50%, at least 55%, atleast 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, atleast 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the non-wild-type baseslisted in Table 2 at the corresponding positions of the coding sequencelisted in Table 2 relative to the wild-type coding sequence of SEQ IDNO: 2.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a non-naturally occurringmRNA molecule comprising a coding sequence for a signal peptide. In aparticular embodiment, the invention provides a non-naturally occurringmRNA comprising a coding sequence for a growth hormone leader sequence.In certain embodiments, the invention provides a non-naturally occurringmRNA comprising a coding sequence of SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:19. Insome embodiments, the invention provides a non-naturally occurring mRNAcomprising a coding sequence at least about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%,75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% to SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ IDNO:19.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a non-naturally occurringmRNA molecule comprising a sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ IDNO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ UD NO:15, SEQ IDNO:16, or SEQ ID NO:17. In some embodiments, the invention provides anon-naturally occurring mRNA molecule comprising a sequence at leastabout 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,or 99% to any of SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12,SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ UD NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, or SEQ ID NO:17.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a polynucleotidecomprising a sequence complementary to the sequence of an mRNA accordingto the invention.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a composition comprisingthe polynucleotide according to the invention, an RNA polymerase, andnucleoside triphosphates.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an mRNA according to the invention.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a nebulization oraerosolization apparatus loaded with a pharmaceutical compositionaccording to the invention.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a cultured cell comprisingan mRNA according to the invention and functional CFTR expressed fromthe mRNA.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a use of a pharmaceuticalcomposition according to the invention for the induction of expressionof functional CFTR.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of inducing CFTRexpression in epithelial cells in a lung of a mammal, the methodcomprising contacting the epithelial cells with a composition, whereinthe composition is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an mRNAaccording to the invention.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of inducing CFTRexpression in a mammalian target cell, the method comprising contactingthe mammalian target cell with a composition, the composition comprisingan mRNA according to the invention.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating cystic fibrosis by administering to a subject in need oftreatment an mRNA encoding a CFTR protein as described herein. In oneembodiment, the mRNA is administered to the lung of the subject. In oneembodiment, the mRNA is administered by inhalation, nebulization,intranasal administration or aerosolization. In various embodiments,administration of the mRNA results in expression of CFTR in the lung ofthe subject.

In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating cystic fibrosis by administering to the lung of a subject inneed of treatment an mRNA comprising a coding sequence which encodes SEQID NO:1. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method oftreating cystic fibrosis by administering to the lung of a subject inneed of treatment an mRNA comprising a coding sequence which encodes anamino acid sequence at least about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%,97%, 98%, or 99% identical to the wild-type human CFTR protein (SEQ IDNO:1). In another particular embodiment, the present invention providesa method of treating cystic fibrosis by administering to the lung of asubject in need of treatment an mRNA comprising a coding sequence of SEQID NO:3. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method oftreating cystic fibrosis by administering to the lung of a subject inneed of treatment an mRNA comprising a coding sequence at least about50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to SEQ ID NO:3.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides methods for makingan mRNA encoding a CFTR protein as described herein. In one embodiment,the invention provides a method of making CFTR mRNA in vitro, comprisingcontacting an isolated polynucleotide with an RNA polymerase in thepresence of nucleoside triphosphates, wherein: the isolatedpolynucleotide and RNA polymerase are not contained within a cell; theisolated polynucleotide is a template for the RNA polymerase; theisolated polynucleotide comprises a promoter operably linked to atemplate sequence; the template sequence comprises a coding sequencecomplement which is complementary to a sequence encoding SEQ ID NO: 1;and: (a) the template sequence comprises fewer cryptic promoters thanthe complement of SEQ ID NO: 2, (b) the template sequence comprisesfewer direct and/or inverted repeats than SEQ ID NO: 2, (c) the templatesequence comprises complements of fewer disfavored codons than SEQ IDNO: 2, or (d) the GC content of the coding sequence complement is lowerthan the GC content of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a method of making CFTRmRNA in vitro, comprising contacting an isolated polynucleotideaccording to the invention with an RNA polymerase in the presence ofnucleoside triphosphates, wherein: the isolated polynucleotide and RNApolymerase are not contained within a cell; the isolated polynucleotideis a template for the RNA polymerase; and the isolated polynucleotidecomprises a promoter operably linked to a template sequence, and the RNApolymerase synthesizes mRNA comprising a coding sequence encoding SEQ IDNO: 1.

In some embodiments of such uses and methods of treatment, the in vitrotranscribed mRNA is a naturally occurring or wild-type mRNA encodinghuman CFTR (SEQ ID NO: 2) modified to include non-naturally occurringUTRs. In other embodiments, the in vitro transcribed mRNA is anon-naturally occurring mRNA as described above.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth inpart in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious fromthe description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Theobjects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained bymeans of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory onlyand are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of theinvention and together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and advantages of this invention may becomeapparent from the following detailed description with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

FIG. 1A. Detection of mature “C” band for human CFTR protein 24 hoursafter transfection with human CFTR mRNA. Successful protein productionwas observed for both unmodified and modified (SNIM) mRNA (comprising25% of 2-thiouridine and 5-methylcytidine). Immunoprecipitation wasperformed using R&D Systems MAB25031 antibody and detection using Ab570.

FIG. 1B. Western Blot analysis of CFTR KO mouse lungs 24 hourpost-exposure of PEI/unmodified human CFTR mRNA nanoparticles. Mice weretreated via nebulization (Pari Boy jet nebulizer) over the course ofapproximately one hour. Immunoprecipitation of human CFTR proteinderived according to provided methods was performed. Mature “C” band isdetected in all treated mice while unobserved in control mice.

FIG. 2. Current-voltage plot of 8-Br-cAMP evoked currents of treated (4ug hCFTR mRNA) and untreated HEK293T cells. A large current is inducedwithin the hCFTR mRNA transfected cells as compared to the untreatedcells. Treated cells that were exposed to a specific CFTR proteininhibitor, CFTRinh-172, show a marked reduction (˜89%) in Cl— ioncurrent flow.

FIG. 3. Histogram plots of 8-Br-cAMP evoked currents of treated (4 ughCFTR mRNA) and untreated HEK293T cells upon application of a +80 mVmembrane potential. A large current is induced within the hCFTR mRNAtransfected cells as compared to the untreated cells. Treated cells thatwere exposed to a specific CFTR protein inhibitor, CFTRinh-172, show amarked reduction (˜89%) in Cl— ion current flow.

FIG. 4. Current-voltage plot comparing profiles of HEK 293 cells ofnative, forskolin and GlyH-101 exposure. No significant changes incurrent were observed in any scenario.

FIG. 5. Current-voltage plot of forskolin-evoked currents of treated (4ug hCFTR mRNA) and untreated HEK293 cells. A large current is inducedwithin the hCFTR mRNA transfected cells as compared to the untreatedcells. Treated cells that were exposed to a specific CFTR proteininhibitor, GlyH-101, show a marked reduction (˜95%) in Cl— ion currentflow as demonstrated in the step plot (+100 mV) on the right side of thegraph.

FIG. 6. In situ hybridization of human CFTR mRNA in untreated (PBS)(left) and treated (right) CFTR KO mouse lungs. Mice were exposed to 30ug of encapsulated unmodified hCFTR mRNA in PEI nanoparticles viaintratracheal administration. Substantial positive staining is observedthroughout both lungs at 24 hours post-administration.

FIG. 7. In situ hybridization of human CFTR mRNA treated CFTR KO mouselungs at different magnification views (up to 20× magnification). Micewere exposed to 30 ug of encapsulated unmodified hCFTR mRNA in PEInanoparticles via intratracheal administration.

FIG. 8. High magnification (40×) representative lung sectiondemonstrating in situ hybridization of human CFTR mRNA treated (right)CFTR KO mouse lungs. Human CFTR mRNA was detected in the apicalcytoplasm of target bronchial epithelial cells 24 hours postadministration. Mice were exposed to 30 ug of encapsulated unmodifiedhCFTR mRNA in PEI nanoparticles via intratracheal administration.

FIG. 9. Comparison of in situ hybridization staining of human CFTR mRNAtreated CFTR KO mouse lungs at six hours (left) and 24 hours (right)post-administration. Mice were exposed to 30 ug of encapsulatedunmodified hCFTR mRNA in PEI nanoparticles via intratrachealadministration. Intense positive intracellular staining is observedwithin six hours throughout both lungs within bronchial and alveolarregions while substantial positive staining is still observed at 24hours post-administration.

FIG. 10. In situ hybridization of human CFTR mRNA in untreated (PBS)(top) and treated (bottom) CFTR KO mouse lungs. Mice were exposed to 15ug of encapsulated unmodified hCFTR mRNA in C12-200 lipid nanoparticlesvia intratracheal administration. Substantial positive staining isobserved throughout both lungs at 6 hours post-administration.

FIG. 11. High magnification (40×) representative lung sectionsdemonstrating in situ hybridization of human CFTR mRNA treated CFTR KOmouse lungs. Human CFTR mRNA was detected in the apical cytoplasm oftarget bronchial epithelial (left) as well as intracellular alveolarregions (right) six hours post administration. Mice were exposed to 15ug of encapsulated unmodified hCFTR mRNA in C12-200 lipid nanoparticlesvia intratracheal administration.

FIGS. 12A-12B. Screening of different cell lines for hCFTR expression.Immunoblot of CHO and COS-7 (12A) and BHK and PKC (12B) cellstransfected with hCFTR coding constructs. Protein lysates were prepared24 hrs post transfection and screened using MA1-935 as primary antibody.Arrow indicates putative CFTR. See the discussion of MA1-935 specificityin Example 6.

FIGS. 13A-13D. Cross reactivity of different anti-human CFTR antibodies.(13A)—Mouse anti-human CFTR MA1-935 (Chemicon): (13B)—Mouse anti-humanCFTR AB570 (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation): (13C)—Mouse anti-human CFTRAB596 (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation): (13D) Rabbit anti-human CFTR G449(Rockefeller University). Arrow indicates CFTR.

FIG. 14. Immunoprecipitation of human CFTR using three differentantibodies (R29, R66/17 and R66/16) followed by immunodetection usingAB596. Lane 1: T84 cells (positive control), Lane 2: untreated pig lungtissue (300 mg), Lane 3: treated pig lung tissue (697 mg), Lane 4:treated pig lung tissue (163 mg).

FIG. 15. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting of a mouse at 24 hrspost IT spray application of 20 μg hCFTR SNIM RNA/10 μg FFL SNIM RNAeach in the HGT5001 Formulation of Example 6. T84 cells served apositive control showing the mature glycosylated C-band and themannosylated B-band of hCFTR. “supernatant” remaining cellular extractfraction without immunoprecipitated fraction. “IP” immunoprecipitatedfraction.

FIGS. 16A-16B. Immunoprecipitation of hCFTR from T84 cells usingMAB25031 followed by immunodetection using AB570 (16A) and MAB1660(16B).

FIG. 17. Immunoprecipitation of CFTR from NIH3T3 cells at 72 hrs posttransfection with different constructs.

FIG. 18. Immunoprecipitation of CFTR from NIH3T3 cells at 72 hrs posttransfection with different constructs using 500 ug protein and MAB1660(left and center panels) and increased amount of total protein (8 mg)using MAB25031 (right panel).

FIG. 19. Immunoprecipitation of hCFTR using MAB25031 and subsequentimmunodetection using AB570 from pig lung samples post hCFTR SNIM RNAdelivery in the PEI Formulation of Example 6. Lane 1: sample fromluciferase-negative left caudal lobe of pig #2, Lane 2: sample fromluciferase-positive lung regions of pig #1.

FIG. 20. Nebulisation was performed on anesthetized and ventilated pigs(left). The nebulizer was connected in-line to the ventilation system(right, see white arrow).

FIG. 21. Luciferase expression measured in homogenates of pig tissuespecimens from different lung regions after aerosol administration of 1mg FFL SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6 with the EFlow meshnebulizer. Lung specimens were ex vivo cultured overnight beforeluciferase measurements (pg luciferase/mg lung tissue).

FIG. 22. BLI of luciferase expression in representative pig tissuespecimens from different lung regions after aerosol administration of 1mg FFL SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6. Lung specimens wereex vivo cultured overnight before measurements.

FIG. 23. BLI imaging of luciferase expression in representative pigtissue specimens from different lung regions after aerosoladministration of 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6using a PARI BOY jet nebulizer. Lung specimens were ex vivo culturedovernight before measurements.

FIG. 24. BLI of luciferase expression in representative pig tissuespecimens from different lung regions after aerosol administration ofeach 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA and hCFTR mRNA in the PEI Formulation of Example6 using an Aeroneb mesh nebulizer. Lung specimens were ex vivo culturedovernight before measurements.

FIG. 25. BLI of luciferase expression in representative pig tissuespecimens from different lung regions after aerosol administration of 1mg FFL SNIM RNA in “SHIRE Formulation #3” (HGT5001:DOPE:Chol:DMGPEG2K(50:25:20:5) (mol ratio) using an Aeroneb mesh nebulizer. Lung specimenswere ex vivo cultured overnight before measurements.

FIG. 26. BLI of luciferase expression in pig tissue specimens fromdifferent lung regions from one untreated control pig. The otheruntreated control pig showed the same result (data not shown).

FIG. 27. BLI of luciferase expression in lung specimens of once-treatedpigs #3 and #6. Aerosol administration of each 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA andhCFTR SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6 was performed usingan Aeroneb mesh nebulizer. Slices of the entire pig lung are shown.Upper three rows: pig #3, lower three rows: pig #6.

FIG. 28. BLI of luciferase expression in lung specimens of twice-treatedpigs #4 and #8. Aerosol administration of each 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA andhCFTR SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6 was performed usingan Aeroneb mesh nebulizer. Slices of the entire pig lung are shown.Upper three rows: pig #4, lower three rows: pig #8.

FIG. 29. BLI of luciferase expression in lung specimens of threetimes-treated pigs #1 and #2. Aerosol administration of each 1 mg FFLSNIM RNA and hCFTR-mRNA SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6were performed using an Aeroneb mesh nebulizer. Slices of the entire piglung are shown. Upper three rows: pig #1, lower three rows: pig #2.

FIG. 30. Luciferase IHC on lung tissue of three times treated pig #1.Aerosol administration of each 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA and hCFTR SNIM RNA inthe PEI Formulation of Example 6 was performed using an Aeroneb meshnebulizer. Luciferase expression appeared in reddish-pink colour(Anti-Luciferase pAb 1:300, G7451, Promega, Refine AP-Kit, chromogen:New fuchsine).

FIG. 31. Highly BLI-positive lung tissue of threefold treated pig #1 wassubjected to hCFTR IP/WB. Lane 1:T84 cells (positive control), Lane 2:untreated pig lung tissue (300 mg), Lane 3: treated pig lung tissue (697mg), Lane 4: treated pig lung tissue (163 mg). Maturecomplex-glycosylated hCFTR appeared as the disperse so-called C-band.Mannose-rich hCFTR appeared as the more dense so-called B-band. hCFTRexpression was observed in T84 cells and pig lung tissue of hCFTR SNIMRNA treated pig #1, whereas no hCFTR expression was observed inuntreated pigs.

FIG. 32. Immunoprecipitation of hCFTR using MAB25031 and subsequentimmunodetection using AB570 from pig lung samples post hCFTR SNIM RNAdelivery in the PEI Formulation of Example 6. Lane 1: sample fromluciferase-negative left caudal lobe of pig #2, Lane 2: sample fromluciferase-positive lung regions of pig #1.

FIGS. 33A & 33B. In vitro transfection of HEK 293T cells with C-terminalHis₁₀ tagged (CO-CFTR-C-His₁₀) and non-tagged (CO-CFTR) codon optimizedhuman CFTR SNIM RNA. Following transfection, whole cell lysate wascollected and analyzed for human CFTR expression by Western blot using(33A) anti-CFTR antibody #217 and (33B) anti-His antibody 1187.Transfected samples were compared to non-transfection HEK 293T controllysate (Lane 3).

FIG. 33C. In vitro transfection of HEK 293T cells with SNIM RNA encodingcodon optimized human CFTR with a growth hormone leader sequence and a(GH-CO-CFTR) or SNIM RNA encoding a C-terminal His₁₀ tagged codonoptimized human CFTR (CO-CFTR-C-His₁₀). Following transfection, wholecell lysate was collected and analyzed for human CFTR expression byWestern blot using anti-CFTR antibody #217. Transfected samples werecompared to non-transfection HEK 293T control lysate (Lane 3).

FIG. 34. In vivo transfection of CFTR knockout mice with C-terminalHis₁₀ tagged codon optimized human CFTR SNIM RNA encapsulated withineither a lipid (cKK-E12) or polymeric (PEI) nanoparticle formulation.Following nebulized delivery of each respective mRNA formulation, Rightand Left lung tissue lysate was collected and analyzed for CFTRexpression by Western blot using anti-His antibody 1187. Control CFTRknockout lung tissue and CFTR-His₁₀ HEK293 lysate was used as a negativeand positive controls respectively.

FIG. 35. Bioluminescent detection of FFL expression in porcine lungsamples collected following nebulization with water for injection.

FIG. 36. Bioluminescent detection of FFL expression in porcine lungsamples collected following nebulization with 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA+1 mgCO-CFTR SNIM RNA in a branched 25 kDa PEI formulation.

FIG. 37. Bioluminescent detection of FFL expression in porcine lungsamples collected following nebulization with 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA+5 mgCO-CFTR SNIM RNA in a branched 25 kDa PEI formulation.

FIG. 38. Bioluminescent detection of FFL expression in porcine lungsamples collected following nebulization with 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA+10 mgCO-CFTR SNIM RNA in a branched 25 kDa PEI formulation.

FIG. 39. Relative quantification of CFTR expression in differentchorots. Band intensities were normalized to 150 kDa band in the proteinladder.

FIG. 40. Representative example of a “CFTR-positive” bronchi with atleast one epithelial cell detected within the epithelial cell layer anddisplaying a clear membrane localized CFTR signal via CFTRimmunohistochemical staining using an anti-CFTR antibody.

FIG. 41. Immunohistochemical staining of CFTR in porcine lung followingaerosol delivery of control (WFI) or 5 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA.

FIG. 42. Represents a “low” CFTR expression level, assayed in porcinelung by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CFTR following aerosoldelivery of 5 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA.

FIG. 43. Represents a “medium” CFTR expression level, assayed in porcinelung by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CFTR following aerosoldelivery of 5 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA.

FIG. 44. Represents a “high” CFTR expression level, assayed in porcinelung by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CFTR following aerosoldelivery of 5 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA.

FIG. 45. Immunohistochemical staining of CFTR in porcine lung followingaerosol delivery of control (WFI) or 10 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA.

FIG. 46. Quantification of relative numbers of CFTR-positivebronchi/bronchioles per animal. Analysis of each cohort (WFI; and 1 mg,5 mg, 10 mg human CFTR SNIM RNA) 24 hours post aerosol administration.CFTR expression normalized to signal intensity for 150 kDa proteinstandard. (WFI=9.4±5.6%, 1 MG=15.2±6.6%, 5 MG=25.4±14.1%, 10MG=20.9±3.7%; WFI vs 5 MG p=0.0281, WFI vs 10 MG p=0.0174)

FIGS. 47A-47B. Illustrates multiplex nucleic acid in situ detection of(47A) ubiquitin C and (47B) dap B in porcine lung, post aerosol deliveryof water for injection by nebulizer.

FIGS. 48A-48B. Illustrates multiplex nucleic acid in situ detection of(48A) ubiquitin C and (48B) dap B in porcine lung, post aerosol deliveryof 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA+ 10 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA in a branched 25 kDa PEIformulation.

FIGS. 49A-49B. Illustrates multiplex nucleic acid in situ detection of(49A) right cranialis and (49B) left cranialis in porcine, post aerosoldelivery of water for injection by nebulizer.

FIGS. 50A-50B. Illustrates multiplex nucleic acid in situ detection of(50A) right cranialis and (50B) left cranialis in porcine, post aerosoldelivery of 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA+1 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA in a branched 25 kDaPEI formulation.

FIGS. 51A-51B. Illustrates multiplex nucleic acid in situ detection of(51A) right cranialis and (51B) left cranialis in porcine, post aerosoldelivery of 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA+5 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA in a branched 25 kDaPEI formulation.

FIGS. 52A-52B. Illustrates multiplex nucleic acid in situ detection of(52A) right cranialis and (52B) left cranialis in porcine, post aerosoldelivery of 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA+10 mg CO-CFTR SNIM RNA in a branched 25kDa PEI formulation.

FIGS. 53A-53B. Illustrates positive detection of active fireflyluciferase (FFL) protein in a treated pig lung via luminescence uponexposure to FFL/CO-CFTR-C-His10 mRNA encapsulated cKK-E12 lipidnanoparticles. Pigs were treated with 1 mg FFL+9 mg CO-CFTR-C-His10 mRNAencapsulated lipid nanoparticles via nebulization using a Pan jetnebulizer and sacrificed 24 hours post-treatment. FFL luminescence wasvisualized using an IVIS bioluminometer.

FIG. 54. Illustrates exemplary results of hCFTR expression in HEK cellstransfected using neubilized complexes given to pigs 10, 11 and 12 (1 mgdose).

FIG. 55. Illustrates exemplary results of hCFTR expression in HEK cellstransfected using neubilized complexes given to pigs 13, 14 and 15 (5 mgdose) and in HEK cells transfected using neubilized complexes given topigs 19, 20 and 21 (10 mg dose).

FIG. 56. Illustrates exemplary results of hCFTR expression in HEK cellstransfected using neubilized complexes given to pig 16 (5 mg dose), 22(10 mg dose) and 67 (1 mg dose).

FIG. 57. Illustrates exemplary results of hCFTR expression in HEK cellstransfected using neubilized complexes given to pigs 17, 18 (5 mg dose),23, 24 (10 mg dose) and 68, 69 (1 mg dose).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions

As used herein, the term “polynucleotide” is generally used to refer toa nucleic acid (e.g., DNA or RNA). The terms polynucleotide, nucleicacid, DNA, RNA, and mRNA include such molecules that are comprised of:standard or unmodified residues; nonstandard or modified residues; andmixtures of standard and nonstandard residues.

As used herein, the term “mRNA” is used to refer to modified andunmodified RNA including both a coding region and a noncoding region.

As used herein, the phrase “coding region” of an mRNA generally refersto that portion that when translated results in the production of anexpression product, such as a polypeptide, protein, or enzyme.

A “nonstandard nucleobase” is a base moiety other than the natural basesadenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), or uracil (U). Thenonstandard nucleobase is an analog of a specific nucleobase (A, C, G,T, or U) when its base pairing properties in a nucleic acid double helixand locus of incorporation by DNA or RNA polymerases in a nucleic aciddouble helix (including a local RNA-DNA helix such as that formed duringtranscription of a DNA template by RNA polymerase) are most similar toone of the five previously listed nucleobases, with the exception thatanalogs of T will generally also be analogs of U and vice versa. Forpurposes of determining percentage identity of a first sequence relativeto a second sequence, an analog of a base is not a mismatch to thenatural base; for example, pseudouridine matches uridine,5-methylcytidine matches cytidine, etc.

The term “nonstandard” used in conjunction with terms including but notlimited to “nucleoside”, “base”, “nucleotide”, or “residue” is to beinterpreted in the same manner as if it were used in conjunction with“nucleobase.”

“GC content” is the fraction or percentage of total nucleobase residuesin a nucleic acid sequence that are guanine residues, cytosine residues,or analogs thereof. For example, a 100 nt sequence that contains exactly30 cytosines, exactly 30 guanines, exactly one cytosine analog, andexactly one guanine analog has a GC richness of 62%.

As used herein, a “disfavored codon” refers to a codon which istranslated less efficiently or rapidly by mammalian cells than anothercodon for the same amino acid residue. Disfavored codons generallyinclude codons with an A or U in the 3rd or “wobble” position of thecodon. For a discussion of disfavored codons, see, e.g., U.S. PatentPublication 2009/0069256 A1.

A “non-naturally occurring mRNA molecule” is an mRNA that is notproduced through normal transcription and splicing processes ofwild-type cells. An mRNA may qualify as non-naturally occurring byvirtue of its sequence (e.g., a series of codons and/or one or more UTRsthat do not present in any naturally-occurring CFTR mRNA) and/or becauseit includes nonstandard nucleotide residues. A non-naturally occurringmRNA molecule may be in vitro synthesized.

In each of Tables 1 and 2 below, the NWT column indicates thenon-wild-type base at the position (Pos.) in the CFTR coding sequence(see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 3), and the WT column indicates the wild-typebase at the same position (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 2 or the RefSeq entryfor human CFTR (accession no. NM_000492.3, Feb. 10, 2013, version,available from GenBank; note that the sequence of NM_000492.3 containsnoncoding sequence such that the coding sequence occurs at position 133to 4575, such that, for example, position 7 in the tables belowcorresponds to position 139 of the NM_000492.3 sequence).

Non-Naturally Occurring CFTR mRNA

In addition to providing methods of producing functional CFTR in vivousing naturally occurring or wild-type CFTR mRNA (and compositionscomprising that mRNA), the invention also provides non-naturallyoccurring CFTR mRNA that encodes CFTR protein (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1). Insome embodiments, the non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA is purified orisolated.

In other embodiments, the non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA is presentin a cell. In some embodiments, the cell comprising the non-naturallyoccurring CFTR mRNA did not synthesize the non-naturally occurring CFTRmRNA and/or does not comprise DNA complementary to the non-naturallyoccurring CFTR mRNA and/or a functional CFTR gene; the cell mayoptionally comprise an inactive CFTR gene, such as a CFTR gene with anonsense, missense, frameshift, insertion, or deletion mutation thatrenders the expression product of the gene nonfunctional. In someembodiments, the cell comprising the non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNAfurther comprises functional CFTR protein translated from thenon-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA. The cell may be, e.g., a lungepithelial cell, a liver cell, or a kidney cell. In some embodiments,the cell is in a cell culture.

CFTR Coding Sequence

In some embodiments, CFTR mRNA according to the invention comprises acoding sequence with fewer complements of cryptic promoters than SEQ IDNO: 2 (i.e., the coding sequence of wild-type human CFTR), fewer directand/or inverted repeats than SEQ ID NO: 2, fewer disfavored codons thanSEQ ID NO: 2, and/or the GC content of the coding sequence is lower thanthe GC content of SEQ ID NO: 2.

Cryptic promoters, direct and/or inverted repeats and/or disfavoredcodons of a sequence may be recognized by one skilled in the art usingroutine methods. For example, the direct and/or inverted repeat contentof a sequence can be determined by sequence analysis (Liu et al.,Journal of Theoretical Biology (2014) 344: 19-30). The cryptic promotercontent of a sequence can also be determined by sequence analysis, e.g.,presence of Shine-Dalgarno sequences within construct or the like.

In some embodiments, CFTR mRNA according to the invention is invitro-transcribed, i.e., the mRNA was synthesized in an artificialsetting not within a biological cell (e.g., a cell free in vitrotranscription system). Generally, in vitro transcription involvesproviding a DNA template comprising a promoter and a sequencecomplementary to the desired mRNA (which may be circular or linear), anRNA polymerase, and nucleoside triphosphates in suitable reactionconditions (salts, buffers, and temperature). RNase inhibitors, reducingagents, and/or pyrophosphatase may be present in the reaction mixture.In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase is T7 RNA polymerase.

In some embodiments, the CFTR mRNA according to the invention comprisesa coding sequence comprising at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%,at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, atleast 90%, or at least 95% of the non-wild-type bases listed in Table 1at the positions of the coding sequence listed in Table 1 relative tothe wild-type coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.

TABLE 1 Non-wild-type bases that can be used in the coding sequence ofmRNA encoding CFTR. Pos. NWT WT 7 c a 12 c g 15 g u 18 c g 30 u c 33 c u36 g c 45 c u 48 c u 52 u a 53 c g 54 a c 60 u c 61 c a 63 g a 66 u a 69c u 70 c u 72 u g 75 a g 78 g a 81 g a 84 u c 85 c a 87 g a 91 a c 93 gc 96 u g 99 g a 105 u a 111 c a 117 g a 123 c u 126 g u 129 a u 135 g u138 g u 141 u c 144 c u 147 c a 150 g u 153 g a 156 g a 157 c u 159 c g163 c a 165 g a 174 c u 175 c a 177 c a 180 a g 183 c g 186 g u 189 u a198 c u 201 g u 204 g a 210 c u 213 c u 216 a c 219 g u 220 a c 222 a g223 a c 225 g a 228 c u 231 c u 238 c a 240 g a 243 c u 252 c u 255 u a261 c u 264 g a 268 c u 270 c a 276 g a 282 a c 291 c a 294 a g 297 c u300 g c 303 g a 304 u c 309 u a 310 c a 312 c a 315 u c 318 c a 321 c u324 g c 327 c u 333 c g 342 a g 345 a g 351 g c 352 a u 353 g c 354 c u363 c u 366 c u 369 c a 372 g c 375 c a 378 a c 379 c u 381 g a 384 u c385 u c 387 g u 390 u c 393 c u 396 c u 399 c g 402 a g 408 u g 409 u c411 g c 412 u c 414 g a 417 u c 423 a c 426 c u 429 c u 435 c u 444 c u447 u a 457 c a 462 c a 474 c u 480 c u 483 c u 486 a g 492 a u 493 c u495 g a 498 a g 501 c g 504 g a 505 u a 506 c g 507 g c 510 g u 513 g u514 u c 516 g a 522 g a 525 u a 526 u a 527 c g 528 c u 531 c u 534 u a537 g a 538 u c 540 g u 543 g u 544 u a 545 c g 546 c u 549 g c 553 a u554 g c 555 u c 558 u c 564 c g 573 c u 579 g a 585 g u 588 g a 589 c u609 u c 612 c u 615 g u 624 c g 627 c a 630 u c 631 u c 633 g c 639 c g642 u a 645 u c 652 c u 657 g a 663 a g 672 u c 678 c a 681 g u 684 a u687 u c 693 u a 696 g c 697 u c 699 g u 702 a c 703 u c 705 g u 720 u a724 c a 726 g a 741 u c 742 c a 744 c a 747 c u 756 g u 759 u g 762 a g766 u a 767 c g 768 g u 777 c u 780 c g 783 c u 786 u c 789 g a 798 c u804 c u 810 g a 813 g u 816 c u 819 a g 822 c a 825 u c 840 u a 846 g a849 g a 862 c u 864 c a 865 c a 867 c a 873 u a 876 g a 888 c u 891 c g897 g a 900 g c 906 c g 907 c a 909 g a 912 u c 919 u a 920 c g 921 g c927 g c 936 u c 939 c a 948 c u 951 u g 954 c g 958 c u 960 c a 963 g u966 u g 967 u c 969 g u 972 u c 978 c a 979 u c 981 g a 984 u c 987 g a990 g a 993 u c 1002 c g 1005 g a 1008 u a 1017 g c 1020 u c 1023 g a1035 a u 1036 u c 1047 a g 1050 g c 1053 a u 1065 g c 1071 c u 1074 g a1077 g a 1092 g u 1101 g a 1104 c a 1113 c a 1116 a g 1119 c u 1125 g a1137 g a 1140 c u 1146 c a 1147 c u 1152 g a 1155 c u 1158 u c 1159 c u1161 u a 1164 u g 1170 g a 1173 g a 1179 a g 1191 g a 1194 g a 1197 u c1200 u c 1206 a g 1212 u a 1218 a g 1222 c u 1224 g a 1239 g a 1242 g a1245 u c 1248 c u 1254 c u 1255 c a 1257 c a 1260 g a 1263 c u 1266 a u1272 g u 1275 c u 1278 u c 1279 u a 1280 c g 1284 g c 1287 u c 1291 u a1292 c g 1293 g u 1296 c u 1302 c a 1305 g u 1308 c u 1311 a u 1314 a u1317 c u 1320 g c 1321 u c 1326 g a 1329 c u 1332 c u 1344 u a 1347 g a1350 g a 1357 c u 1359 u g 1360 c u 1362 c g 1368 a u 1371 g u 1375 a u1376 g c 1383 u a 1386 g a 1389 a c 1392 a g 1396 a u 1397 g c 1398 c a1401 c u 1402 u c 1404 g a 1419 g a 1422 g a 1425 u g 1431 c u 1432 a u1433 g c 1434 c a 1440 g u 1443 g a 1449 a g 1453 u a 1454 c g 1455 c u1458 g a 1459 c a 1461 u a 1464 c u 1474 a u 1475 g c 1476 c u 1485 a c1491 c u 1497 c u 1500 a c 1512 g a 1515 c u 1521 u c 1524 c u 1527 a u1530 a u 1542 g a 1545 c u 1546 c a 1555 u a 1556 c g 1557 g c 1563 u c1566 g a 1569 g a 1575 g a 1576 u c 1578 g a 1590 u c 1593 u c 1599 c u1602 c a 1608 g a 1611 u c 1614 c u 1617 c a 1620 c u 1621 u c 1623 g u1632 g u 1635 u a 1638 u c 1642 u c 1645 u a 1646 c g 1647 g u 1653 g u1656 g a 1662 g a 1663 c a 1665 g a 1668 c u 1669 a u 1670 g c 1671 c u1672 c u 1674 c a 1677 g a 1683 g a 1698 a u 1708 c u 1710 g a 1711 c u1713 u a 1716 u c 1719 a u 1722 g u 1734 c a 1737 c u 1740 a u 1743 g a1758 c a 1761 c u 1764 g a 1765 u a 1766 c g 1767 g c 1770 c u 1773 g c1782 u g 1791 u c 1794 g a 1797 g u 1800 a g 1803 c u 1804 c u 1809 g c1812 a u 1815 a u 1827 c u 1828 c u 1830 u a 1836 g a 1839 g u 1845 g a1848 c a 1849 c u 1851 g a 1854 c u 1855 c u 1857 c g 1860 c u 1866 a u1867 u a 1868 c g 1869 g c 1870 u a 1871 c g 1875 c u 1881 c u 1884 c g1887 u a 1890 c u 1896 g a 1897 u c 1899 g c 1905 c u 1906 u c 1908 g a1914 g a 1920 c u 1921 u a 1922 c g 1923 a c 1924 a u 1925 g c 1926 c a1938 g a 1944 c u 1947 a u 1956 g a 1959 c u 1962 c u 1965 g a 1969 c a1971 g a 1972 c a 1974 g a 1977 c u 1980 g a 1984 u c 1986 g a 1989 g u1992 a g 1995 g c 1996 c u 1998 g a 2004 a u 2010 g a 2011 c u 2013 u a2016 g a 2019 u a 2025 c u 2028 g u 2031 a c 2034 g c 2040 c a 2043 g a2049 g a 2052 g a 2055 g a 2058 g u 2064 g a 2070 a u 2076 a g 2082 u g2085 g a 2091 a g 2097 c u 2098 a u 2099 g c 2103 c u 2104 u c 2106 g c2112 u a 2115 u c 2121 a u 2124 u a 2127 c a 2130 g a 2133 c u 2136 a c2139 c u 2142 c g 2145 g a 2148 a g 2154 a c 2155 c u 2157 g a 2160 g a2169 a c 2172 u c 2184 g u 2187 c u 2190 a g 2193 c u 2194 c u 2196 g a2200 c a 2202 c a 2208 u g 2209 a u 2210 g c 2212 c u 2214 c a 2217 g a2220 g a 2226 a u 2232 a g 2235 g a 2241 c g 2244 u a 2247 u g 2250 c u2253 g c 2256 u c 2257 u a 2258 c g 2259 g c 2265 u c 2266 u a 2267 c g2268 a c 2271 c u 2274 a c 2277 u c 2280 a g 2289 g a 2290 a c 2292 g a2293 c a 2295 a g 2301 a g 2304 c u 2307 g c 2310 c g 2316 c g 2322 g a2325 u c 2328 g a 2331 a u 2337 g a 2340 g u 2343 a g 2355 c a 2358 a g2361 g a 2364 g a 2367 c a 2370 a c 2373 g a 2374 a c 2388 u g 2391 a c2394 c u 2400 g a 2403 u c 2415 c g 2418 c u 2421 c a 2424 c u 2425 a u2426 g c 2427 c a 2428 c a 2430 u a 2434 c u 2436 u a 2439 g u 2448 c u2451 a c 2452 c u 2454 u g 2457 g a 2460 c a 2463 c u 2472 c u 2475 u c2484 u c 2487 g a 2490 a g 2496 u c 2499 c u 2508 c u 2514 a g 2515 u a2516 c g 2517 a c 2520 c a 2526 g a 2532 a u 2535 g a 2548 u c 2550 g u2553 u a 2556 c u 2559 c u 2562 g u 2565 g c 2572 u a 2573 c g 2577 g a2583 c u 2586 c g 2589 c a 2592 c u 2598 u c 2599 c u 2601 c a 2604 g a2607 c u 2613 c g 2616 u a 2622 c g 2625 a u 2628 g u 2631 a u 2632 c u2634 u g 2637 g u 2640 c g 2643 c g 2649 g c 2655 u a 2658 u c 2661 g u2664 c u 2665 u c 2667 g u 2679 c g 2683 u a 2684 c g 2688 a u 2691 c u2692 u a 2693 c g 2694 a u 2700 c u 2703 u c 2704 u a 2705 c g 2712 c a2724 u c 2725 u a 2726 c g 2727 u c 2730 a c 2733 c u 2742 c u 2754 c u2760 a g 2766 g a 2776 c u 2781 c u 2784 g u 2790 u a 2797 c a 2802 a u2805 c a 2811 c g 2814 u g 2817 c u 2820 g u 2823 u a 2829 u a 2832 c g2835 c g 2838 g a 2842 c u 2844 c a 2850 u c 2853 g a 2857 c u 2859 u a2863 a u 2864 g c 2865 c u 2868 a u 2871 g u 2874 g a 2877 u a 2880 c u2886 c a 2890 u c 2892 g c 2895 u c 2899 c u 2901 c g 2904 g a 2907 g a2910 a u 2913 u g 2917 u c 2919 g u 2923 c a 2925 c a 2931 a c 2940 u a2964 c u 2967 g u 2970 g c 2973 c a 2976 c u 2994 g a 2995 c u 2997 g a3000 c u 3009 g a 3015 u a 3021 a u 3027 u a 3030 c u 3031 c u 3033 c a3036 g a 3039 u c 3045 u c 3051 c u 3054 g a 3057 c a 3060 u g 3063 g a3069 c a 3075 g u 3081 c u 3085 c u 3088 c a 3090 g a 3093 c a 3100 u c3102 g c 3105 g a 3108 g c 3117 g a 3120 u c 3123 g a 3132 g a 3141 g c3145 u a 3146 c g 3147 g u 3150 u a 3153 c u 3156 u c 3159 g u 3168 g u3171 c a 3174 u c 3177 g a 3180 g a 3184 u c 3186 g a 3192 g a 3193 u c3195 g u 3198 c u 3204 u c 3207 c a 3208 a c 3216 c u 3228 a u 3243 g u3250 c u 3252 c a 3258 g u 3261 a c 3264 u c 3270 u c 3276 u c 3277 u c3280 a u 3281 g c 3282 u a 3285 c a 3288 c g 3291 a c 3297 u c 3300 g a3304 c a 3306 c a 3309 u a 3312 g a 3324 g c 3333 u c 3336 c u 3339 g u3342 g u 3345 u c 3348 u c 3351 c u 3357 c u 3360 g a 3363 c a 3366 g a3372 g a 3375 c a 3378 g a 3382 c a 3384 g a 3387 c u 3402 a u 3403 c u3405 c a 3414 c u 3417 u c 3423 c u 3426 u a 3438 a u 3441 g a 3445 a u3446 g c 3448 u a 3449 c g 3450 g c 3453 u a 3466 c u 3472 a c 3474 g a3477 c u 3480 u g 3481 u a 3482 c g 3483 g c 3484 a c 3486 g a 3501 c u3510 g a 3513 g a 3516 g a 3519 a u 3522 g a 3525 c u 3528 a c 3531 a g3532 a u 3533 g c 3534 u a 3537 g c 3543 c a 3546 u c 3555 g c 3559 u c3561 g c 3562 a u 3563 g c 3564 u g 3567 g a 3570 a u 3576 c u 3579 c u3585 c u 3586 a u 3587 g c 3588 u a 3600 g a 3615 u c 3616 a u 3617 g c3618 c a 3624 u c 3627 g a 3633 c u 3636 g c 3639 g a 3642 c u 3645 g c3648 g a 3660 c a 3663 g a 3666 a u 3669 g a 3672 c u 3675 a c 3678 c a3679 c u 3681 u a 3684 a g 3690 c u 3693 g c 3697 a u 3698 g c 3699 c a3702 u a 3705 c u 3708 c u 3711 u c 3715 c a 3717 u g 3723 g c 3724 u c3726 g c 3727 c u 3729 c g 3732 g a 3735 g a 3738 c u 3741 g a 3747 a g3750 a g 3751 u a 3752 c g 3753 g u 3756 g u 3760 c u 3762 g a 3765 g a3768 c u 3771 c u 3780 u a 3786 u c 3789 a u 3792 g a 3795 u a 3798 g a3810 c u 3813 c u 3816 u g 3819 g u 3826 a u 3827 g c 3828 c a 3831 c a3834 c u 3840 g a 3847 c a 3855 g c 3864 a g 3867 c a 3870 c a 3873 a g3876 g a 3879 c a 3885 c u 3889 a u 3890 g c 3891 c u 3897 c a 3900 c u3901 c a 3906 g a 3909 u c 3910 c u 3912 c g 3918 u c 3931 u a 3932 c g3933 a u 3942 g a 3945 u a 3954 c u 3957 g a 3960 c u 3969 c g 3972 u c3973 c a 3975 g a 3976 a u 3977 g c 3981 a g 3984 c a 3987 g a 3996 g u3999 a g 4002 a g 4005 c u 4020 a g 4029 a c 4032 c u 4038 g a 4039 u a4040 c g 4041 g c 4047 g c 4057 c u 4059 c g 4066 c u 4071 g u 4072 c a4077 c u 4080 c u 4084 u a 4085 c g 4089 a g 4095 a g 4098 u c 4099 c u4101 u g 4104 c g 4105 u c 4107 g u 4116 u c 4117 u a 4118 c g 4119 g u4122 c u 4126 c u 4131 c u 4134 g a 4140 g a 4143 u c 4146 g a 4149 c a4152 c u 4158 g a 4161 a u 4164 u a 4167 g a 4170 g a 4173 g a 4179 c u4182 c u 4188 g a 4191 g a 4203 g a 4206 u c 4207 c a 4209 u g 4212 c a4215 g a 4218 c a 4224 c g 4233 g a 4240 c u 4242 u g 4248 c a 4257 u c4260 g a 4263 c g 4266 c g 4275 c u 4287 g a 4293 u g 4296 u c 4302 a g4303 u a 4304 c g 4305 a c 4306 u c 4308 g c 4317 g a 4320 g c 4323 u c4324 u a 4325 c g 4326 a c 4329 a c 4335 u c 4344 a g 4347 u c 4353 a c4357 a c 4359 a g 4362 u c 4365 g a 4366 u a 4367 c g 4368 g c 4380 c u4383 a g 4386 g c 4392 c u 4395 g u 4398 c u 4399 u c 4407 a g 4413 u a4422 a g 4425 u g 4431 c u 4434 g a 4435 c a 4437 u g 4443 a g

In some embodiments, the CFTR mRNA according to the invention comprisesa coding sequence comprising at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%,at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, atleast 90%, or at least 95% of the non-wild-type bases listed in Table 2at the corresponding positions of the coding sequence listed in Table 2relative to the wild-type coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.

TABLE 2 Subset of non-wild-type bases that can be used in the codingsequence of mRNA encoding CFTR. Pos. NWT WT 7 c a 15 g u 18 c g 33 c u45 c u 54 a c 60 u c 61 c a 63 g a 66 u a 72 u g 81 g a 84 u c 85 c a 87g a 93 g c 96 u g 126 g u 129 a u 135 g u 138 g u 141 u c 147 c a 150 gu 159 c g 163 c a 165 g a 175 c a 177 c a 180 a g 183 c g 186 g u 189 ua 201 g u 213 c u 216 a c 225 g a 238 c a 240 g a 252 c u 255 u a 270 ca 282 a c 291 c a 294 a g 304 u c 309 u a 310 c a 312 c a 315 u c 318 ca 324 g c 327 c u 333 c g 342 a g 345 a g 351 g c 369 c a 372 g c 375 ca 378 a c 384 u c 385 u c 390 u c 396 c u 399 c g 409 u c 412 u c 417 uc 423 a c 429 c u 435 c u 444 c u 447 u a 457 c a 462 c a 492 a u 498 ag 501 c g 504 g a 507 g c 510 g u 514 u c 525 u a 526 u a 527 c g 531 cu 534 u a 538 u c 544 u a 545 c g 555 u c 558 u c 564 c g 573 c u 588 ga 615 g u 624 c g 631 u c 642 u a 645 u c 663 a g 672 u c 684 a u 697 uc 702 a c 703 u c 720 u a 724 c a 726 g a 741 u c 742 c a 744 c a 756 gu 759 u g 762 a g 768 g u 777 c u 780 c g 786 u c 789 g a 798 c u 813 gu 816 c u 819 a g 825 u c 840 u a 864 c a 865 c a 867 c a 873 u a 891 cg 897 g a 900 g c 906 c g 907 c a 909 g a 912 u c 921 g c 927 g c 939 ca 948 c u 951 u g 954 c g 960 c a 963 g u 966 u g 967 u c 972 u c 979 uc 984 u c 990 g a 993 u c 1002 c g 1008 u a 1017 g c 1020 u c 1023 G a1035 a u 1036 u c 1047 a g 1053 a u 1065 g c 1071 c u 1092 g u 1101 g a1116 a g 1158 u c 1161 u a 1164 u g 1170 g a 1179 a g 1194 g a 1197 u c1200 u c 1206 a g 1212 u a 1218 a g 1245 u c 1255 c a 1257 c a 1266 a u1275 c u 1278 u c 1279 u a 1280 c g 1293 g u 1308 c u 1311 a u 1314 a u1317 c u 1321 u c 1350 g a 1362 c g 1368 a u 1371 g u 1383 u a 1386 g a1389 a c 1392 a g 1401 c u 1402 u c 1425 u g 1440 g u 1449 A g 1455 C u1458 G a 1459 C a 1461 U a 1485 A c 1497 C u 1500 a c 1521 u c 1524 c u1527 a u 1530 a u 1557 g c 1563 u c 1569 g a 1576 u c 1590 u c 1593 u c1599 c u 1602 c a 1611 u c 1617 c a 1620 c u 1621 u c 1635 u a 1638 u c1642 u c 1647 g u 1653 g u 1662 g a 1674 c a 1677 g a 1683 g a 1698 a u1713 u a 1716 u c 1719 a u 1722 g u 1734 c a 1737 c u 1740 a u 1761 c u1765 u a 1766 c g 1767 g c 1770 c u 1782 u g 1791 u c 1797 g u 1812 a u1815 a u 1830 u a 1839 g u 1857 c g 1860 c u 1866 a u 1869 g c 1870 u a1871 c g 1881 c u 1887 u a 1897 u c 1906 u c 1914 g a 1923 a c 1938 g a1947 a u 1962 c u 1965 g a 1969 c a 1971 g a 1972 c a 1974 g a 1980 g a1984 u c 1989 g u 1992 a g 1995 g c 2010 g a 2013 u a 2019 u a 2028 g u2031 a c 2034 g c 2040 c a 2058 g u 2076 a g 2082 u g 2104 u c 2112 u a2115 u c 2121 a u 2124 u a 2127 c a 2136 a c 2139 c u 2142 c g 2154 a c2169 a c 2184 g u 2187 c u 2190 a g 2200 c a 2202 c a 2208 u g 2214 c a2220 g a 2226 a u 2232 a g 2244 u a 2247 u g 2253 g c 2256 u c 2259 g c2265 u c 2266 u a 2267 c g 2268 a c 2271 c u 2274 a c 2277 u c 2280 a g2289 g a 2301 a g 2304 c u 2310 c g 2316 c g 2322 g a 2325 u c 2328 g a2331 a u 2340 g u 2343 a g 2355 c a 2358 a g 2361 g a 2364 g a 2370 a c2373 g a 2388 u g 2391 a c 2400 g a 2403 u c 2415 c g 2428 c a 2430 u a2436 u a 2439 g u 2448 c u 2451 a c 2454 u g 2463 c u 2484 u c 2490 a g2514 a g 2515 u a 2516 c g 2517 a c 2526 g a 2532 a u 2535 g a 2548 u c2553 u a 2562 g u 2572 u a 2573 c g 2583 c u 2586 c g 2589 c a 2598 u c2601 c a 2613 c g 2622 c g 2625 a u 2628 g u 2631 a u 2634 u g 2640 c g2643 c g 2655 u a 2658 u c 2661 g u 2665 u c 2683 u a 2684 c g 2688 a u2694 a u 2703 u c 2704 u a 2705 c g 2712 c a 2724 u c 2725 u a 2726 c g2727 u c 2730 a c 2742 c u 2760 a g 2781 c u 2784 g u 2802 a u 2805 c a2811 c g 2814 u g 2820 g u 2823 u a 2829 u a 2832 c g 2844 c a 2850 u c2859 u a 2865 c u 2868 a u 2877 u a 2890 u c 2895 u c 2901 c g 2907 g a2910 a u 2913 u g 2917 u c 2923 c a 2925 c a 2931 a c 2970 g c 2976 c u3000 c u 3021 a u 3030 c u 3033 c a 3039 u c 3045 u c 3051 c u 3054 g a3060 u g 3063 g a 3069 c a 3075 g u 3088 c a 3090 g a 3108 g c 3120 u c3141 g c 3145 u a 3146 c g 3147 g u 3150 u a 3156 u c 3159 g u 3174 u c3184 u c 3192 g a 3193 u c 3198 c u 3228 a u 3243 g u 3252 c a 3258 g u3261 a c 3264 u c 3270 u c 3276 u c 3277 u c 3282 u a 3288 c g 3297 u c3304 c a 3306 c a 3336 c u 3339 g u 3345 u c 3348 u c 3366 g a 3375 c a3382 c a 3387 c u 3402 a u 3405 c a 3417 u c 3426 u a 3438 a u 3448 u a3449 c g 3450 g c 3474 g a 3477 c u 3480 u g 3481 u a 3482 c g 3483 g c3486 g a 3501 c u 3510 g a 3513 g a 3519 a u 3528 a c 3531 a g 3534 u a3537 g c 3546 u c 3555 g c 3559 u c 3564 u g 3570 a u 3579 c u 3588 u a3615 u c 3624 u c 3633 c u 3648 g a 3660 c a 3666 a u 3669 g a 3672 c u3675 a c 3681 u a 3684 a g 3693 g c 3702 u a 3711 u c 3717 u g 3723 g c3724 u c 3729 c g 3732 g a 3741 g a 3747 a g 3750 a g 3751 u a 3752 c g3753 g u 3756 g u 3765 g a 3786 u c 3795 u a 3810 c u 3813 c u 3816 u g3819 g u 3847 c a 3855 g c 3864 a g 3873 a g 3879 c a 3889 a u 3890 g c3891 c u 3901 c a 3912 c g 3918 u c 3933 a u 3945 u a 3954 c u 3957 g a3960 c u 3972 u c 3981 a g 3984 c a 3996 g u 3999 a g 4002 a g 4005 c u4020 a g 4029 a c 4032 c u 4039 u a 4040 c g 4041 g c 4047 g c 4059 c g4071 g u 4072 c a 4077 c u 4080 c u 4084 u a 4085 c g 4089 a g 4095 a g4098 u c 4104 c g 4105 u c 4116 u c 4119 g u 4134 g a 4140 g a 4143 u c4158 g a 4161 a u 4164 u a 4173 g a 4179 c u 4188 g a 4206 u c 4207 c a4209 u g 4212 c a 4224 c g 4242 u g 4248 c a 4257 u c 4263 c g 4266 c g4293 u g 4303 u a 4304 c g 4305 a c 4306 u c 4320 g c 4323 u c 4324 u a4325 c g 4326 a c 4329 a c 4335 u c 4344 a g 4347 u c 4353 a c 4362 u c4365 g a 4366 u a 4367 c g 4368 g c 4383 a g 4386 g c 4392 c u 4395 g u4399 u c 4407 a g 4413 u a 4422 a g 4425 u g 4434 g a 4435 c a 4437 u g

In some embodiments, the present invention comprises a non-naturallyoccurring CFTR mRNA comprising a coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3.Additional exemplary non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA coding sequencesare described in the Brief Description of Sequences section, such as,for example, SEQ ID NOs:9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17. In someembodiments, the present invention provides a CFTR mRNA comprising acoding sequence at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%,95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to any of SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 10, 11,12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17. In some embodiments, a non-naturallyoccurring CFTR mRNA comprises a 5′UTR, 3′UTR, a signal peptide codingsequence or a cap or tail structure as described below.

The above-described CFTR mRNAs comprising coding sequence which differsfrom wild-type CFTR coding sequence can provide advantages with respectto efficacy and ease of preparation. For example, in vitro transcriptionreactions using a polynucleotide comprising template sequencecomplementary to the CFTR coding sequence can give greater RNA yield; apolynucleotide comprising said template sequence can be more stable(i.e., less prone to mutation) during growth in a host cell, reducingthe amount of purification needed to generate template usable in areaction; and the in vivo translation of an mRNA comprising the codingsequence can be higher.

Signal Peptide Sequence

In some embodiments, an mRNA encoding a CFTR protein incorporates anucleotide sequence encoding a signal peptide. As used herein, the term“signal peptide” refers to a peptide present at a newly synthesizedprotein that can target the protein towards the secretory pathway. Insome embodiments, the signal peptide is cleaved after translocation intothe endoplasmic reticulum following translation of the mRNA. Signalpeptide is also referred to as signal sequence, leader sequence orleader peptide. Typically, a signal peptide is a short (e.g., 5-30,5-25, 5-20, 5-15, or 5-10 amino acids long) peptide. A signal peptidemay be present at the N-terminus of a newly synthesized protein. Withoutwishing to be bound by any particular theory, the incorporation of asignal peptide encoding sequence on a CFTR encoding mRNA may facilitatethe secretion and/or production of the CFTR protein in vivo.

A suitable signal peptide for the present invention can be aheterogeneous sequence derived from various eukaryotic and prokaryoticproteins, in particular secreted proteins. In some embodiments, asuitable signal peptide is a leucine-rich sequence. See Yamamoto Y etal. (1989), Biochemistry, 28:2728-2732, which is incorporated herein byreference. A suitable signal peptide may be derived from a human growthhormone (hGH), serum albumin preproprotein, Ig kappa light chainprecursor, Azurocidin preproprotein, cystatin-S precursor, trypsinogen 2precursor, potassium channel blocker, alpha conotoxin 1p1.3, alphaconotoxin, alfa-galactosidase, cellulose, aspartic proteinasenepenthesin-1, acid chitinase, K28 prepro-toxin, killer toxin zygocinprecursor, and Cholera toxin. Exemplary signal peptide sequences aredescribed in Kober, et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng., 110: 1164-73, 2012,which is incorporated herein by reference.

In some embodiments, a CFTR encoding mRNA may incorporate a sequenceencoding a signal peptide derived from human growth hormone (hGH), or afragment thereof. A non-limiting nucleotide sequence encoding a hGHsignal peptide is show below.

5′ human growth hormone (hGH) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 18):AUGGCCACUGGAUCAAGAACCUCACUGCUGCUCGCUUUUGGACUGCUUUGCCUGCCCUGGUUGCAAGAAGGAUCGGCUUUCCCGACCA UCCCACUCUCC Alternative 5′human growth hormone (hGH) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 19):AUGGCAACUGGAUCAAGAACCUCCCUCCUGCUCGCAUUCGGCCUGCUCUGUCUCCCAUGGCUCCAAGAAGGAAGCGCGUUCCCCACUA UCCCCCUCUCG

In some embodiments, an mRNA according to the present invention mayincorporate a signal peptide encoding sequence having at least 50%, 55%,60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or moreidentity to SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:19.

5′-UTR, 3′-UTR, Poly-A Tail, Cap, and Nonstandard Nucleotide Residues

In some embodiments, the mRNA comprises a sequence in its 5′-UTR whichis identical to SEQ ID NO: 4 or is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identicalto SEQ ID NO: 4.

In some embodiments, the mRNA comprises a sequence in its 3′-UTR whichis identical to SEQ ID NO: 5 or is at least 50%, at least 55%, at least60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identicalto SEQ ID NO: 5.

In some embodiments, the mRNA comprises a poly-A tail. In someembodiments, the poly-A tail has a length of at least 70, 100, 120, 150,200, 250, 300, 400, or 500 residues. In some embodiments, the poly-Atail has a length ranging from 70 to 100, 100 to 120, 120 to 150, 150 to200, or 200 to 300, 300 to 400, or 400 to 500 residues. Poly A tails canbe added using a variety of art-recognized techniques. For example, longpoly A tails can be added to synthetic or in vitro transcribed RNA usingpoly A polymerase (Yokoe, el al. Nature Biotechnology. 1996; 14:1252-1256). A transcription vector can also encode long poly A tails. Inaddition, poly A tails can be added by transcription directly from PCRproducts. Poly A may also be ligated to the 3′ end of a sense RNA withRNA ligase (see, e.g., Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed.,ed. by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis (Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryPress: 1991 edition)). In some embodiments, a poly-U or poly-C tail maybe used instead or in addition to a poly-A tail. For example, CFTRencoding mRNAs may include a 3′ poly(C) tail structure. A suitablepoly-C tail on the 3′ terminus of mRNA typically include about 10 to 200cytosine nucleotides (e.g., about 10 to 150 cytosine nucleotides, about10 to 100 cytosine nucleotides, about 20 to 70 cytosine nucleotides,about 20 to 60 cytosine nucleotides, or about 10 to 40 cytosinenucleotides). The poly-C tail may be added to the poly-A tail or maysubstitute the poly-A tail.

In some embodiments, the mRNA comprises a 5′-cap, for example, a cap1structure. For mRNA capping enzymes and procedures, see, e.g., Fechter,P.; Brownlee, G. G. “Recognition of mRNA cap structures by viral andcellular proteins” J. Gen. Virology 2005, 86, 1239-1249; European patentpublication 2 010 659 A2; U.S. Pat. No. 6,312,926. A 5′ cap is typicallyadded as follows: first, an RNA terminal phosphatase removes one of theterminal phosphate groups from the 5′ nucleotide, leaving two terminalphosphates; guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is then added to the terminalphosphates via a guanylyl transferase, producing a 5′5′5 triphosphatelinkage; and the 7-nitrogen of guanine is then methylated by amethyltransferase. Examples of cap structures include, but are notlimited to, m7G(5′)ppp (5′(A,G(5′)ppp(5′)A and G(5′)ppp(5′)G.

In some embodiments, the mRNA comprises one or more nonstandardnucleotide residues. The nonstandard nucleotide residues may include,e.g., 5-methyl-cytidine (“5mC”), pseudouridine (“ψU”), and/or2-thio-uridine (“2sU”). See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,278,036 orWO2011012316 for a discussion of such residues and their incorporationinto mRNA. In some embodiments, mRNA may be SNIM RNA. As used herein,SNIM RNA is an acronym of Stabilized Non-Immunogenic Messenger RNA,designating messenger RNAs produced by in vitro transcription (IVT)including certain percentages of modified nucleotides in the IVTreaction as described in PCT Publication WO 2011/012316. SNIM RNA usedin the Examples disclosed herein was produced by IVT in which 25% of Uresidues were 2-thio-uridine and 25% of C residues were5-methylcytidine. The presence of nonstandard nucleotide residues mayrender an mRNA more stable and/or less immunogenic than a control mRNAwith the same sequence but containing only standard residues. In furtherembodiments, the mRNA may comprise one or more nonstandard nucleotideresidues chosen from isocytosine, pseudoisocytosine, 5-bromouracil,5-propynyluracil, 6-aminopurine, 2-aminopurine, inosine, diaminopurineand 2-chloro-6-aminopurine cytosine, as well as combinations of thesemodifications and other nucleobase modifications. Certain embodimentsmay further include additional modifications to the furanose ring ornucleobase. Additional modifications may include, for example, sugarmodifications or substitutions (e.g., one or more of a 2′-O-alkylmodification, a locked nucleic acid (LNA)). In some embodiments, theRNAs may be complexed or hybridized with additional polynucleotidesand/or peptide polynucleotides (PNA). In embodiments where the sugarmodification is a 2′-O-alkyl modification, such modification mayinclude, but are not limited to a 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro modification, a2′-O-methyl modification, a 2′-O-methoxyethyl modification and a2′-deoxy modification. In certain embodiments, any of thesemodifications may be present in 0-100% of the nucleotides—for example,more than 0%, 1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100% of theconstituent nucleotides individually or in combination.

Compositions Comprising CFTR mRNA

In certain embodiments, the mRNA molecules of the invention may beadministered as naked or unpackaged mRNA. In some embodiments, theadministration of the mRNA in the compositions of the invention may befacilitated by inclusion of a suitable carrier. In certain embodiments,the carrier is selected based upon its ability to facilitate thetransfection of a target cell with one or more mRNAs.

As used herein, the term “carrier” includes any of the standardpharmaceutical carriers, vehicles, diluents, excipients and the likewhich are generally intended for use in connection with theadministration of biologically active agents, including mRNA.

In certain embodiments, the carriers employed in the compositions of theinvention may comprise a liposomal vesicle, or other means to facilitatethe transfer of a mRNA to target cells and/or tissues. Suitable carriersinclude, but are not limited to, polymer based carriers, such aspolyethyleneimine (PEI) and multi-domain-block polymers, lipidnanoparticles and liposomes, nanoliposomes, ceramide-containingnanoliposomes, proteoliposomes, both natural and synthetically-derivedexosomes, natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic lamellar bodies,nanoparticulates, calcium phosphor-silicate nanoparticulates, calciumphosphate nanoparticulates, silicon dioxide nanoparticulates,nanocrystalline particulates, semiconductor nanoparticulates, drypowders, poly(D-arginine), nanodendrimers, starch-based deliverysystems, micelles, emulsions, sol-gels, niosomes, plasmids, viruses,calcium phosphate nucleotides, aptamers, peptides, peptide conjugates,small-molecule targeted conjugates, and other vectorial tags. Alsocontemplated is the use of bionanocapsules and other viral capsidproteins assemblies as a suitable carrier. (Hum. Gene Ther. 2008September; 19(9):887-95).

In some embodiments, the carrier comprises an organic cation, such as acationic lipid or a cationic organic polymer. If present, the cationiclipid may be a component of liposomal vesicles encapsulating the mRNA.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the carrier is formulated usinga polymer as a carrier, alone or in combination with other carriers.Suitable polymers may include, for example, polyacrylates,polyalkycyanoacrylates, polylactide, polylactide-polyglycolidecopolymers, polycaprolactones, dextran, albumin, gelatin, alginate,collagen, chitosan, cyclodextrins, protamine, PEGylated protamine, PLL,PEGylated PLL and polyethylenimine (PEI). When PEI is present, it may bebranched PEI of a molecular weight ranging from 10 to 40 kDa, e.g., 25kDa branched PEI (Sigma #408727). Additional exemplary polymers suitablefor the present invention include those described in PCT PublicationWO2013182683, the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The use of liposomal carriers to facilitate the delivery ofpolynucleotides to target cells is contemplated by the presentinvention. Liposomes (e.g., liposomal lipid nanoparticles) are generallyuseful in a variety of applications in research, industry, and medicine,particularly for their use as carriers of diagnostic or therapeuticcompounds in vivo (Lasic, Trends Biotechnol., 16: 307-321, 1998;Drummond et al., Pharmacol. Rev., 51: 691-743, 1999) and are usuallycharacterized as microscopic vesicles having an interior aqua spacesequestered from an outer medium by a membrane of one or more bilayers.Bilayer membranes of liposomes are typically formed by amphiphilicmolecules, such as lipids of synthetic or natural origin that comprisespatially separated hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains (Lasic, TrendsBiotechnol., 16: 307-321, 1998). Bilayer membranes of the liposomes canalso be formed by amphiphilic polymers and surfactants (e.g.,polymerosomes, niosomes, etc.).

In certain embodiments, the mRNA is complexed with lipid nanoparticlesto facilitate delivery to the target cell. In certain embodiments, thecompositions of the invention may be combined with a multi-componentlipid mixture employing one or more cationic lipids, additional lipidssuch as non-cationic lipids (also referred to as helper lipids),cholesterol-based lipids, and/or PEGylated lipids for mRNAencapsulation.

Cationic Lipids

In some embodiments, a suitable lipid nanoparticle contains a cationiclipid. As used herein, the phrase “cationic lipid” refers to any of anumber of lipid species that have a net positive charge at a selectedpH, such as physiological pH. Some cationic lipids, in particular, thoseknown as titratable or pH-titratable cationic lipids are particularlyeffective in delivering mRNA. Several cationic (e.g., titratable) lipidshave been described in the literature, many of which are commerciallyavailable. Particularly suitable cationic lipids for use in thecompositions and methods of the invention include those described ininternational patent publications WO 2010/053572 (and particularly,C12-200 described at paragraph [00225]) and WO 2012/170930, both ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, thecationic lipid cKK-E12 is used (disclosed in WO 2013/063468), theteachings of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety. In some embodiments, the cationic lipidN-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride or “DOTMA”is used. (Feigner et al. (Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. 84, 7413 (1987); U.S.Pat. No. 4,897,355). DOTMA can be formulated alone or can be combinedwith the neutral lipid, dioleoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine or “DOPE” orother cationic or non-cationic lipids into a liposomal transfer vehicleor a lipid nanoparticle, and such liposomes can be used to enhance thedelivery of nucleic acids into target cells. Other suitable cationiclipids include, for example, 5-carboxyspermylglycinedioctadecylamide or“DOGS,”2,3-dioleyloxy-N-[2(spermine-carboxamido)ethyl]-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanaminiumor “DOSPA” (Behr et al. Proc. Nat.'l Acad. Sci. 86, 6982 (1989); U.S.Pat. No. 5,171,678; U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,761),1,2-Dioleoyl-3-Dimethylammonium-Propane or “DODAP”,1,2-Dioleoyl-3-Trimethylammonium-Propane or “DOTAP”. Contemplatedcationic lipids also include1,2-distearyloxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropane or “DSDMA”,1,2-dioleyloxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropane or “DODMA”,1,2-dilinoleyloxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropane or “DLinDMA”,1,2-dilinolenyloxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropane or “DLenDMA”,N-dioleyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride or “DODAC”,N,N-distearyl-N,N-dimethylarnmonium bromide or “DDAB”,N-(1,2-dimyristyloxyprop-3-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethyl ammoniumbromide or “DM:ME”,3-dimethylamino-2-(cholest-5-en-3-beta-oxybutan-4-oxy)-1-(cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoxy)propaneor “CLinDMA”, 2-[5′-(cholest-5-en-3-beta-oxy)-3′-oxapentoxy)-3-dimethy1-1-(cis,cis-9′,1-2′-octadecadienoxy)propane or “CpLinDMA”,N,N-dimethyl-3,4-dioleyloxybenzylamine or “DMOBA”,1,2-N,N′-dioleylcarbamyl-3-dimethylaminopropane or “DOcarbDAP”,2,3-Dilinoleoyloxy-N,N-dimethylpropylamine or “DLinDAP”,1,2-N,N′-Dilinoleylcarbamyl-3-dimethylaminopropane or “DLincarbDAP”,1,2-Dilinoleoylcarbamyl-3-dimethylaminopropane or “DLinCDAP”,2,2-dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminomethyl-[1,3]-dioxolane or “DLin- -DMA”,2,2-dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl-[1,3]-dioxolane or“DLin-K-XTC2-DMA”, and2-(2,2-di((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine(DLin-KC2-DMA)) (See, WO 2010/042877; Semple et al., Nature Biotech. 28:172-176 (2010)), or mixtures thereof (Heyes, J., et al., J ControlledRelease 107: 276-287 (2005); Morrissey, D V., et al., Nat. Biotechnol.23(8): 1003-1007 (2005); PCT Publication WO2005/121348A1).

In certain embodiments, the compositions and methods of the inventionemploy a lipid nanoparticles comprising an ionizable cationic lipiddescribed in U.S. provisional patent application 61/617,468, filed Mar.29, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference), such as, e.g.,(15Z,18Z)—N,N-dimethyl-6-(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl)tetracosa-15,18-dien-1-amine(HGT5000),(15Z,18Z)—N,N-dimethyl-6-((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl)tetracosa-4,15,18-trien-1-amine(HGT5001), and(15Z,18Z)—N,N-dimethyl-6-((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-yl)tetracosa-5,15,18-trien-1-amine(HGT5002).

In some embodiments, one or more of the cationic lipids present in sucha composition comprise at least one of an imidazole, dialkylamino, orguanidinium moiety. In a preferred embodiment, one or more of thecationic lipids does not comprise a quaternary amine.

Non-Cationic/Helper Lipids

In some embodiments, a suitable lipid nanoparticle contains one or morenon-cationic (“helper”) lipids. As used herein, the phrase “non-cationiclipid” refers to any neutral, zwitterionic or anionic lipid. As usedherein, the phrase “anionic lipid” refers to any of a number of lipidspecies that carry a net negative charge at a selected pH, such asphysiological pH. In some embodiments, a non-cationic lipid is a neutrallipid, i.e., a lipid that does not carry a net charge in the conditionsunder which the composition is formulated and/or administered.Non-cationic lipids include, but are not limited to,distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine(DOPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC),dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol(DPPG), dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE),palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC),palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE),dioleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine4-(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (DOPE-mal), dipalmitoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DPPE), dimyristoylphosphoethanolamine (DMPE),distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DSPE), 16-O-monomethyl PE,16-O-dimethyl PE, 18-1-trans PE,1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidyethanolamine (SOPE), or a mixturethereof.

Cholesterol-Based Lipids

In some embodiments, a suitable lipid nanoparticle comprises one or morecholesterol-based lipids. For example, suitable cholesterol-basedcationic lipids include, for example, cholesterol, PEGylatedcholesterol, DC-Choi (N,N-dimethyl-N-ethylcarboxamidocholesterol),1,4-bis(3-N-oleylamino-propyl)piperazine (Gao, et al. Biochem. Biophys.Res. Comm. 179, 280 (1991); Wolf et al. BioTechniques 23, 139 (1997);U.S. Pat. No. 5,744,335), or ICE.

PEGylated Lipids

In some embodiments, a suitable lipid nanoparticle comprises one or morePEGylated lipids. For example, the use of polyethylene glycol(PEG)-modified phospholipids and derivatized lipids such as derivatizedceramides (PEG-CER), includingN-Octanoyl-Sphingosine-1-[Succinyl(Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol)-2000](C8 PEG-2000 ceramide) is contemplated by the present invention incombination with one or more of the cationic and, in some embodiments,other lipids. In some embodiments, suitable PEGylated lipids comprisePEG-ceramides having shorter acyl chains (e.g., C₁₄ or C₁₈). In someembodiments, the PEGylated lipid DSPE-PEG-Maleimide-Lectin may be used.Other contemplated PEG-modified lipids include, but are not limited to,a polyethylene glycol chain of up to 5 kDa in length covalently attachedto a lipid with alkyl chain(s) of C₆-C₂₀ length. Without wishing to bebound by a particular theory, it is contemplated that the addition ofPEGylated lipids may prevent complex aggregation and increasecirculation lifetime to facilitate the delivery of the lipsomeencapsulated mRNA to the target cell.

In certain embodiments, the composition comprises one of the followingcombinations of lipids:

C12-200, DOPE, cholesterol, DMG-PEG2K;

DODAP, DOPE, cholesterol, DMG-PEG2K;

HGT5000, DOPE, cholesterol, DMG-PEG2K;

HGT5001, DOPE, cholesterol, DMG-PEG2K;

XTC, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG-DMG;

MC3, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG-DMG;

ALNY-100, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG-DSG;

cKK-E12, DOPE, Chol, PEGDMG2K.

In some embodiments, lipid:mRNA ratios can be 5:1 (mg:mg), 6:1, 7:1,8:1, 9:1, 10:1 and greater up to 30:1 (mg:mg) or more. N/P ratios can bein the range of 1.1:1 up to 10:1 or higher. Example lipid ratios are40:30:20:10, 55:20:20:5, 50:25:20:5 (cationic lipid:helperlipid:chol:PEG lipid).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions according to theinvention do not comprise a mucolytic agent (e.g., N-acetylcysteine,erdosteine, bromheksin, carbocysteine, guiafenesin, or iodinatedglycerol).

Apparatuses Loaded with a Pharmaceutical Composition

In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition according to theinvention, such as a cationic lipid-based or PEI-based compositioncomprising a non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA, is provided within anapparatus for administration to the respiratory system of a subject. Theapparatus can be, e.g., an instillation, aerosolization, or nebulizationapparatus. Suitable apparatuses include, for example, a PART Boy jetnebulizer, Aeroneb® Lab nebulizer, MicroSprayer®, or EFlow meshnebulizer. Alternatively, dry powder inhalers or aerosolizationapparatuses such as portable inhalers may be used.

Uses and Methods

mRNA for Uses and Methods According to the Invention

Among other things, the present invention provides methods for in vivoproduction of a CFTR protein, in particular, in a lung of a mammal. Insome embodiments, the invention provides methods of inducing CFTRexpression in epithelial cells in a lung of a mammal, comprisingcontacting the epithelial cells with a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising an in vitro transcribed mRNA, wherein the in vitrotranscribed mRNA comprises a coding sequence encoding SEQ ID NO: 1 (theamino acid sequence of wild-type human CFTR). The invention alsoprovides uses of pharmaceutical compositions comprising an in vitrotranscribed mRNA, wherein the in vitro transcribed mRNA comprises acoding sequence encoding SEQ ID NO: 1, for the induction of CFTRexpression in epithelial cells in a lung of a mammal.

The invention further provides methods of inducing CFTR expression in amammalian target cell, the method comprising contacting the mammaliantarget cell with a composition, the composition comprising an in vitrotranscribed mRNA encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. Theinvention further provides a use of composition, the compositioncomprising an in vitro transcribed mRNA encoding the amino acid sequenceof SEQ ID NO: 1, for the induction of CFTR expression in a mammaliantarget cell.

In some embodiments of such uses and methods of treatment, the in vitrotranscribed mRNA is a naturally occurring or wild-type mRNA encodinghuman CFTR (SEQ ID NO: 2). In other embodiments, the in vitrotranscribed mRNA is a non-naturally occurring mRNA as described above.

In certain embodiments, the in vitro transcribed mRNA comprises a codingsequence encoding SEQ ID NO: 1 which is at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%,85%, 88%, 90%, 92% 95%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2 (wild-typehuman CFTR mRNA coding sequence).

mRNA comprising a coding sequence encoding SEQ ID NO: 1 which is atleast 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100% identical to SEQID NO: 2 may have greater cryptic promoter, direct and inverted repeat,and/or GC content than the mRNA discussed above. It was observed thatvectors comprising SEQ ID NO: 2 frequently underwentinsertion/deletion/rearrangement mutations in host cells under typicalgrowth conditions, resulting in a heterogeneous population of vectorsthat could not be used directly for in vitro transcription. It was foundthat growing host cells under conditions such as lower temperature,subdued light and/or low copy cells such as CopyCutter® reduced, but didnot eliminate, the occurrence of mutation. Accordingly, it can beadvisable for in vitro transcription reactions of mRNA comprising acoding sequence at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100%identical to SEQ ID NO: 2 to use a template obtained by growing thevector as described above, harvesting and linearizing the vector, andpurifying the desired species for use in the transcription reaction. Thepurification step can be, e.g., size exclusion chromatography or weakanion exchange.

The in vitro transcribed mRNA for uses and methods according to theinvention can comprise a 5′-UTR, 3′UTR, poly-A, poly-U and/or poly-Ctail, cap, and/or nonstandard nucleotide residues, as discussed in thesection above concerning such features.

Pharmaceutical Compositions for Uses and Methods

Pharmaceutical compositions for use according to the invention maycomprise mRNA for uses and methods according to the invention asdiscussed in the preceding section and additional ingredients asdiscussed in the section above regarding compositions comprising CFTRmRNA. Thus, use and/or administration of pharmaceutical compositionscomprising any of the carriers discussed above is contemplated.

In some preferred embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprise PEI,such as branched PEI having a molecular weight ranging from 10-40 kDa,for example, 25 kDa.

In other preferred embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprise acationic lipid, a pegylated lipid, and an additional lipid (such as aneutral lipid). The cationic lipid, pegylated lipid, and/or additionallipid may be chosen from those listed in the section above regardingcompositions comprising CFTR mRNA.

Routes of Administration for Induction of Expression in Lung

In some embodiments of methods and uses for induction of CFTR expressionin a lung of a mammal, a pharmaceutical composition as described aboveis administered by a route chosen from intratracheal instillation,nebulization, and aerosolization. The apparatus for administering thecomposition can be chosen from the apparatuses listed in the sectionabove regarding apparatuses loaded with a pharmaceutical composition.

In preferred embodiments, the composition is administered vianebulization or aerosolization. Some lipid formulations may have atendency to aggregate when nebulization is attempted but it is generallypossible to solve aggregation issues by adjusting the formulation, e.g.,by substituting the cationic lipid.

Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis

Among other things, the present invention can be used for treatingcystic fibrosis. In some embodiments, the present invention provides amethod of treating cystic fibrosis by administering to a subject in needof treatment an mRNA encoding a CFTR protein as described herein or apharmaceutical composition containing the mRNA. The mRNA or apharmaceutical composition containing the mRNA may be administereddirectly to the lung of the subject. Various administration routes forpulmonary delivery may be used. In some embodiments, an mRNA or acomposition containing an mRNA described herein is administered byinhalation, nebulization or aerosolization. In various embodiments,administration of the mRNA results in expression of CFTR in the lung ofthe subject (e.g., epithelial cells of the lung).

In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides a method oftreating cystic fibrosis by administering to the lung of a subject inneed of treatment an mRNA comprising a coding sequence which encodes SEQID NO:1. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a methodof treating cystic fibrosis by administering to the lung of a subject inneed of treatment an mRNA comprising a coding sequence which encodes anamino acid sequence at least about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%,97%, 98%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO:1. In another particularembodiment, the present invention provides a method of treating cysticfibrosis by administering to the lung of a subject in need of treatmentan mRNA comprising a coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. In otherembodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating cysticfibrosis by administering to the lung of a subject in need of treatmentan mRNA comprising a coding sequence at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%,90%, 95%, or 99% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3. Additional exemplarynon-naturally occurring CFTR mRNAs that can be used for treating cysticfibrosis are described in the Brief Description of Sequences section,such as, for example, SEQ ID NOs:9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17.In some embodiments, non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNAs that can be usedfor treating cystic fibrosis comprises a coding sequence at least about50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%identical to any of SEQ ID NO: 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17.

EXAMPLES

The following specific examples are to be construed as merelyillustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure inany way whatsoever. Without further elaboration, it is believed that oneskilled in the art can, based on the description herein, utilize thepresent invention to its fullest extent.

Unless otherwise indicated, CFTR mRNA and SNIM RNA used in the Examplesdisclosed herein comprised a 5′ UTR with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, acoding sequence (CDS) with the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, and a 3′ UTRwith the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. FFL mRNA and SNIM RNA used in theExamples disclosed herein comprised a 5′ UTR, CDS, and 3′ UTR with thesequences of SEQ ID NOS: 6, 7, and 8, respectively.

Example 1 In Vitro Synthesized mRNA Encoding CFTR

Messenger RNA Synthesis. Human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductanceregulator (CFTR) mRNA and firefly luciferase (FFL) mRNA were synthesizedby in vitro transcription from a plasmid DNA template encoding the gene,which was followed by the addition of a 5′ cap structure (Cap 1)(Fechter, P.; Brownlee, G. G. “Recognition of mRNA cap structures byviral and cellular proteins” J. Gen. Virology 2005, 86, 1239-1249) and a3′ poly(A) tail of approximately 200 nucleotides in length as determinedby gel electrophoresis. 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions were present ineach mRNA product.

Exemplary non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNAs include SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ IDNO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ UDNO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, or SEQ ID NO:17 described in the Brief Descriptionof Sequences section.

Example 2 CFTR Expression and Activity in HEK Cells

This example demonstrates that fully functional CFTR protein isexpressed from synthetic human CFTR mRNA delivered to cells.

Cells and CFTR Transfection.

Human embryonic kidney HEK293T cells were grown in DMEM (Invitrogen Cat#11965-092) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-Glutamine,100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. The day beforetransfection, cells were plated on 6-well plates at 50-60% confluenceand incubated under normal tissue culture conditions (36° C. in ahumidified atmosphere of 5% CO2, 95% air). 60 μl Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen Cat #11668019) was diluted in 900 μl OptiMem reduced serummedia (Invitrogen Cat #31985-062) and gently vortexed. 24 μg CFTR mRNA(4 μg per plate) was diluted in 900 μl OptiMem media. The mRNA wasimmediately added to the diluted Lipofectamine and incubated at roomtemperature for 30 minutes. The plating media was gently aspirated fromthe HEK293T cells and replaced with 1 ml OptiMem Reduced Serum Medium.300 μl of mRNA/Lipofectamine complex was added to each well and thecells allowed to rest under normal tissue culture conditions for 24 hrsbefore being re-plated by mechanical detachment on poly-L-Lysine coatedglass cover slips (BD Biosciences, BD Biocoat) so that the cells couldbe easily transferred to a recording chamber for electrophysiologicalrecording. Cells were incubated under standard tissue culture conditionsfor a minimum of a further 24 hours and were used within 48 hours offinal plating.

Electrophysiological Recording.

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted at room temperatureusing an Axopatch 200B amplifier with 5-8 MΩ electrodes. Data weredigitized (50 kHz) and filtered (5 kHz) appropriately. Series resistancewas compensated (70-80%) to minimize voltage errors. Voltage-clamprecordings were performed with pipette solution of the followingcomposition: 140 mM NMDG-Cl; 5 mM EGTA; 1 mM MgCl2; 10 mM HEPES; pH 7.2;310 mOsm/l. The bathing solution contained: 140 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 2 mMMgCl2, 2 mM CaCl2, and 10 mM HEPES; pH 7.3, adjusted to 315 mOsm/l withD-glucose. Voltage clamp recordings commenced 3-5 minutes afterestablishing whole-cell configuration.

Cells were voltage-clamped at a holding potential of either −60 mV or 0mV and a series of positive and negative voltage steps (either −80 mV to+80 mV or −100 to +100 mV in 20 mV increments) injected into therecorded HEK293T cells to evoke CFTR-induced whole-cell chloride (Cl—)currents. The membrane permeable analogue of cAMP, 8-Br-cAMP (500 μM,Sigma Aldrich) was applied for 4 mins to recorded cells to facilitateCFTR currents. The ‘gold-standard’ CFTR blocker, CFTRinh-172 (10 μM,Sigma) was applied at the end of each recording to block the CFTRinduced Cl— current. Control recordings were performed innon-transfected HEK293T cells.

Test Compounds.

Test compounds were applied using a DAD-16VC fast perfusion system (ALAScientific Instruments, USA) with the ejection pipette placedapproximately 200 μm from the recorded cell. 8-Br-cAMP was made as a 500mM stock concentration in ddH20. CFTRinh-172 was made as a 10 mM stockin DMSO. All compounds were stored at −20° C. and were rapidly defrostedand diluted to the desired final concentration immediately prior to use.

Analysis.

All analysis was conducted using Clampfit (MDS Analytical Technologies)and Excel (Microsoft) software. All values are maximum evoked-peakcurrent amplitude. Statistical differences in the data were evaluated byStudent's t-test, paired or un-paired as appropriate and consideredsignificant at P<0.05.

In Vitro Human CFTR Protein Production.

The production of human CFTR protein via hCFTR mRNA was accomplished viatransfection of human CFTR mRNA in HEK293T cells described herein.Treated and untreated cells were harvested and subjected toimmunoprecipitation methods 24 hours post-transfection. Detection ofhuman CFTR protein via Western blot analysis demonstrates that the fullycomplex glycosylated CFTR protein (designated as “C” band) was producedfrom the synthetic messenger RNA (FIG. 1A).

In Vitro Human CFTR Protein Activity.

To determine the activity of the synthetic human CFTR mRNA-derived CFTRprotein produced after transfection, whole cell patch clamp assays wereperformed in both HEK 293 and HEK 293T cells. Treated cells as well ascontrol cells (untreated and mock transfected) were subjected toactivator (8-Br-cAMP, forskolin) and inhibitor (CFTRinh-172, GlyH-101)substrates to help determine changes in current flow (chloride iontransport).

HEK293T cells were transfected with 4 ug of hCFTR mRNA and analyzed 24hours post transfection. Whole cell clamp assays were conducted tomeasure current flow, as represented by chloride ion transport uponapplication of a set voltage. A plot of current vs voltage as a resultof a voltage ramp of −80 mV to +80 mV (depicted in FIG. 2) demonstratessubstantial differences in current when comparing untreated versus hCFTRmRNA-treated cells. This increase in current after exposure to8-Br-cAMP, a known activator of CFTR protein, is suggestive that humanCFTR protein is present in these cells. Upon treatment of thesepreviously transfected cells with a known specific CFTR inhibitor,CFTRinh-172, the respective current drops back down to near controllevels (˜89% decrease). Such a decrease after exposure of this inhibitorstrongly supports the presence of human CFTR protein. These results insum demonstrate that synthetic hCFTR mRNA can produce active human CFTRprotein.

Separately, CFTR whole cell activity assays were performed using anautomated system (IonWorks) within HEK293 cells. As described above,treated cells as well as control cells (untreated and mock transfected)were subjected to activator and inhibitor substrates to help determinechanges in current flow (chloride ion transport). In these studies,forskolin was employed as the CFTR protein activator and a portion ofthe hCFTR mRNA-transfected cells were further exposed to a differentspecific CFTR inhibitor, GlyH-101. GlyH-101 is believed to act as a CFTRpore blocker which acts upon the extracellular membrane side of theprotein. Notably, this action of mechanism is different from that ofCFTRinh-172, which is reported to function from the intracellular sideof the CFTR protein.

FIG. 4 represents a current-voltage plot of the parental HEK293 cellline treated with forskolin as well as GlyH-101. No significant changein current was observed, suggesting that these specific CFTRactivators/inhibitors have no effect on the endogenous proteins presentin the cell line.

A plot of current vs. voltage as a result of a voltage ramp of −100 mVto +100 mV (depicted in FIG. 5) demonstrates substantial differences incurrent when comparing untreated HEK293 cells versus hCFTR mRNA-treatedcells. This increase in current after exposure to forskolin a knownactivator of CFTR protein, is indicative that human CFTR protein ispresent in these cells. Upon treatment of these previously transfectedcells with a different known specific CFTR inhibitor, GlyH-101, therespective current drops back down to near control levels (˜95%decrease). Such a decrease after exposure of this inhibitor stronglysupports the presence of human CFTR protein.

In total, these inhibition data which are a result of two distinctmechanisms strongly support the identity of a fully functional CFTRprotein derived from the synthetic human CFTR messenger RNA.

Example 3 In Vivo Expression of CFTR

This example demonstrates that CFTR protein is effectively expressed invivo from a CFTR encoding mRNA delivered through pulmonaryadministration.

Formulation Protocol 1.

Aliquots of 50 mg/mL ethanolic solutions of C12-200, DOPE, Chol andDMG-PEG2K were mixed and diluted with ethanol to 3 mL final volume.Separately, an aqueous buffered solution (10 mM citrate/150 mM NaCl, pH4.5) of CFTR mRNA was prepared from a 1 mg/mL stock. The lipid solutionwas injected rapidly into the aqueous mRNA solution and shaken to yielda final suspension in 20% ethanol. The resulting nanoparticle suspensionwas filtered, diafiltrated with 1×PBS (pH 7.4), followed by water,concentrated and stored at 2-8° C. Final concentration=1.09 mg/mL CFTRmRNA (encapsulated). Z_(ave)=80.2 nm (Dv₍₅₀₎=55.5 nm; Dv₍₉₀₎=99.6 nm).

Formulation Protocol 2.

Aliquots of a 2.0 mg/mL aqueous solution PEI (branched, 25 kDa) weremixed with aqueous solution of CFTR mRNA (1.0 mg/mL). The resultingcomplexed mixture was pipetted up and down several times and put asidefor 20 minutes prior to injection. Final concentration=0.60 mg/mL CFTRmRNA (encapsulated). Z_(ave)=75.9 nm (Dv₍₅₀₎=57.3 nm; Dv₍₉₀₎=92.1 nm).

Analysis of FFL and CFTR Protein Produced Via Intratracheal AdministeredmRNA-Loaded Nanoparticles.

All studies were performed using either female BALB/C mice or CFTR KOmice. FFL samples were introduced via either direct instillation(MicroSprayer®) or nebulization (PART Boy or Aeroneb) respective dose ofencapsulated FFL mRNA. CFTR mRNA was introduced using a PART Boy jetnebulizer. Mice were sacrificed and perfused with saline after allowingtime for expression.

Intratracheal Administration of FFL mRNA.

FFL test materials were administered by a single intratracheal aerosoladministration via a Microsprayer™ (50 μL/animal) while animals areanesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of ketamine50-100 mg/kg and xylazine 5-15 mg/kg.

Nebulization (Aerosol) Administration of FFL mRNA.

FFL test materials were administered by a single aerosol inhalation viaAeroneb® Lab nebulizer (nominal dose volume of up to 8 mL/group). Thetest material was delivered to a box containing the whole group ofanimals (n=4) and connected to oxygen flow and scavenger system.

Administration of CFTR mRNA.

CFTR mRNA was prepared in the manner described in Example 6 below. FourCFTR knockout mice were placed in an aerosol chamber box and exposed to2 mg total codon optimized unmodified human CFTR mRNA (comprising thecoding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3) via nebulization (Pari Boy jetnebulizer) over the course of approximately one hour. Mice weresacrificed 24 hours post-exposure.

Euthanasia.

Animals were euthanized by CO₂ asphyxiation at representative timespost-dose administration (±5%) followed by thoracotomy andexsanguinations. Whole blood (maximal obtainable volume) was collectedvia cardiac puncture and discarded.

Perfusion.

Following exsanguination, all animals underwent cardiac perfusion withsaline. In brief, whole body intracardiac perfusion was performed byinserting 23/21 gauge needle attached to 10 mL syringe containing salineset into the lumen of the left ventricle for perfusion. The right atriumwas incised to provide a drainage outlet for perfusate. Gentle andsteady pressure was applied to the plunger to perfuse the animal afterthe needle had been positioned in the heart. Adequate flow of theflushing solution was ensured when the exiting perfusate flows clear(free of visible blood) indicating that the flushing solution hassaturated the body and the procedure was complete.

Tissue Collection.

Following perfusion, all animals had the liver and lungs (right andleft) harvested. Select groups were subjected to approximately one halfof the liver and both (right and left) lungs snap frozen in liquidnitrogen and stored separately at nominally −70° C. Select groups weresubjected to approximately half of the liver placed in one histologycassette per animal. Additionally, the lungs were inflated with 10% NBFthrough a cannula that was inserted into the trachea. The trachea wastied off with a ligature and the lungs (right and left) and trachea wereplaced intact in one histology cassette per animal. All histologycassettes were stored ambient in 10% NBF for 24 hours and transferred to70% ethanol.

Expression of FFL in FFL-Treated Mice.

Upon analysis of the tissue samples, FFL expression was detected inFFL-treated mice (data not shown).

Expression of CFTR in CFTR Knockout Mice.

CFTR expression was detected by immunoprecipitation-Western blotanalysis of CFTR mRNA-treated mouse lungs. Mature “C” band was detectedin left and right lungs of all treated mice while unobserved in controlmice (FIG. 1B). Antibodies used were MAB25031 (R&D Systems) forimmunoprecipitation and SAB4501942 (Sigma) for detection via Westernblot analysis.

The results shown here indicate that a CFTR protein can be successfullyexpressed in vivo based on lung delivery of mRNA. Furthermore, the factthat CFTR mRNA has been successfully delivered to the lung of CFTR knockout mice and resulted in effective protein production in the lungindicates that CFTR mRNA based in vivo protein production may be used totreat the CFTR protein deficiency.

Example 4 Lung Delivery of CFTR mRNA Using Polymeric Nanoparticles

The delivery of human CFTR messenger RNA to the lungs of a mouse can beaccomplished via either direct inhalation as well as nebulization. Usingin situ hybridization methods, one can successful detect human CFTR mRNAafter intratracheal administration of human CFTR mRNA-loadednanoparticles to mice. Administration may be accomplished employinglipid-based nanoparticles (eg. C12-200) as well as polymericnanoparticles (eg. Polyethyleneimine, PEI).

Administration of CFTR mRNA Using Polymeric Nanocarriers.

CFTR KO mice were treated with polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based CFTR mRNAloaded nanoparticles via intratracheal administration (30 ugencapsulated mRNA). The treated mice were sacrificed six hours andtwenty-four hours post-administration and the lungs were harvested andfixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF). In situ hybridization wasemployed for detection of the exogenous human CFTR mRNA (FIG. 6).Substantial staining was observed 24 hours post-administration withwidespread distribution in both mouse lungs of the treated CFTR KO micewhile no staining was observed for PBS-treated control mice.

Analysis of the treated lungs at higher magnifications (up to 20×magnification) revealed extensive positive intracellular stainingthroughout the bronchial and alveolar regions of both lungs (FIG. 7).Upon further magnification (40×), positive staining within the cytoplasmof target apical bronchial epithelial cells was observed (FIG. 8). Thus,one can conclude that the messenger RNA API was successfully deliveredto the target apical bronchial epithelial cells. Further, whilesubstantial staining can be observed at 6 hours post-administration,significant positive detection of hCFTR mRNA was still observed after 24hours (FIG. 9).

Substantial positive intracellular staining was observed throughout bothlungs within bronchial and alveolar regions at 24 hourspost-administration.

Example 5 Lung Delivery of CFTR mRNA Using Lipid-Based Nanoparticles

Administration of CFTR mRNA Using Lipid-Based Nanocarriers.

As mentioned above, successful lung delivery of human CFTR mRNA can beaccomplished via lipid nanoparticle based delivery vehicles. Disclosedhere are examples of hCFTR mRNA-loaded cationic lipid nanoparticlesutilizing C12-200 as the cationic lipid component.

Successful detection of human CFTR mRNA within the lungs of CFTR KO micewas achieved via in situ hybridization. Knockout mice were treated with15 ug of hCFTR mRNA encapsulated in C12-200-based lipid nanoparticlesand sacrificed 6 hours post-administration. Positive detection of hCFTRmRNA was observed throughout the bronchial and alveolar regions of bothlungs when compared to PBS-treated control mice (FIG. 10).

Upon further magnification (40×), positive detection of human CFTR mRNAwas observed within the apical cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cellsand well as intracellular terminal alveolar regions (FIG. 11).

In total, successful delivery of synthetic human CFTR messenger RNA canbe achieved utilizing both polymeric (PEI) and lipid nanoparticle-based(C12-200) delivery systems. These systems afforded intracellularaccumulation of the drug substance within the target cells of the mice.Further, substantial amounts of hCFTR mRNA were present in these targetcells 24 hours post-administration.

Example 6 Validation of Human CFTR Expression Using Specific Antibody

Antibody Validation for Human CFTR Protein Detection in Mouse, Pig, andCultured Cells.

Experiments were performed to identify an antibody which is specific forthe hCFTR protein, which does not cross-react with the mouse and swineanalogue and which is available in sufficient supply for futureexperiments. Briefly, testing of various anti-hCFTR antibodies fromacademic and commercial sources led to identification of a combinationof anti-hCFTR antibodies which were capable of detecting human CFTRprotein after immunoprecipitation and Western blotting (IP/WB) withoutcross-reactivity for either murine or porcine CFTR. Thus, suitableanti-hCFTR antibodies for detection of hCFTR protein withoutcross-reactivity for either murine or porcine CFTR were identified basedon IP/WB results.

Cells were transfected with hCFTR mRNA and protein lysates were preparedusing ProteoExtract Transmembrane Kit (Merck) at 24 hrs posttransfection and transmembrane fraction was screened by Western blottingfor hCFTR using mouse anti-human CFTR antibody (MA1-935). Lysates from16HBE cells were used as positive control. FIG. 12A presents the datafrom CHO and COS-7 cells.

Baby Hamster Kidney cells (BHK), described as CFTR-negative in theliterature, were transfected similar to CHO and COS-7 cells and proteinlysates screened by Western blot. In contrast to the previouslypublished reports, a clear positive signal for CFTR could be observedusing the mouse monoclonal anti-CFTR antibody (FIG. 12B). To test thespecificity of antibody used in Western blot analysis, Pig Kidney Cellsfrom CFTR-knockout pig (PKC), kindly provided by Prof. Eckhardt Wolf(Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich), were used in transfectionexperiments and protein lysates screened for CFTR expression. As wasevident in FIG. 12B, no signal for CFTR could be detected in PKC cells.However, transfection did not result in any detectable hCFTR expressioneither. Using luciferase as a control for transfection, PKC cells werefound to express luciferase several fold less efficient when compared toCHO or COS-7 cells. As no significant difference in the intensity ofhCFTR band could be detected in any of the screened cell lines posttransfection, extensive screening for other hCFTR antibodies with highersensitivities and specificity towards hCFTR was performed.

Antibody Screening Via Western Blots.

Protein lysates were prepared from human bronchial epithelial cell line(BEAS-2B), human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK), mouse lungs and piglungs using ProteoExtract Transmembrane Kit (Merck) and transmembranefraction used for immunoblotting using different primary antibodies(MA1-935 from Thermo Scientific Pierce Antibodies, Rockford, Ill., USA,AB596 from the Cystic Fibrosis Consortium, University of Pennsylvania,Pa., USA, and AB570 from the Cystic Fibrosis Consortium, University ofPennsylvania, Pa., USA). The data are summarized as FIGS. 13A-13D.

Whereas MA1-935 detected CFTR in all the three species, AB596 detectshuman and murine CFTR but not porcine and antibody G449 detects onlyhuman CFTR specifically. With AB570, it was not clear if the slightlylow molecular weight bands observed with murine and porcine samples areindeed CFTR or non-specific products. In subsequent experiments (datanot shown), it was found that MA1-935 recognizes a band which is notCFTR. Therefore, in general, MA1-935 results were considered asconfirming results generated using other antibodies, but experiments inwhich the only anti-CFTR antibody used was MA1-935 were not consideredconclusive.

Immunoprecipitation of hCFTR (IP-hCFTR) from Tissue Samples.

Given that all the screened antibodies produced several non-specificbands and none of them produced the characteristic banding pattern ofhCFTR (C-band representing the fully glycosylated protein and B-bandrepresenting the core mannosylated form), immunoprecipitation (IP) ofhCFTR and subsequent detection by Western blot was established toincrease the sensitivity and specificity of detection thereby increasingthe signal to noise ratio.

Initial IP experiments were performed in collaboration with Prof.Burkhard Tümmler (Medizinsche Hochschule Hannover) using protocols andantibodies published by van Barneveld et al. 2012, Immunochemicalanalysis of Mutant CFTR in Lung explants, Cell Physiol. Biochem. 30,587-595 (2012)). Human colon carcinoma cells (T84) which overexpresshCFTR were used as positive controls for IP experiments.

Immunoprecipitation of hCFTR using three different antibodies (R29,R66/17 and R66/16) followed by immunodetection with AB596 resulted inspecific detection of hCFTR in protein lysates from lungs of pigstreated with an aerosol of hCFTR SNIM RNA as described in Example 8below (FIG. 14).

HGT5001 Formulation.

Aerosol experiments using hCFTR SNIM RNA in a formulation ofHGT5001:DOPE;Chol;PEGDMG2K (relative amounts 50:25:20:5 (mg:mg:mg:mg))(“HGT5001 Formulation”) were performed in mice and protein lysates fromthe isolated lungs at 24 hrs post mRNA delivery were also analysed by IPusing the same antibodies and conditions as for the pig lysates.However, no characteristic mature CFTR banding pattern could be detectedfor mouse samples (FIG. 15).

Immunoprecipitation of hCFTR (IP-hCFTR) from In Vitro-Transfected Cells.

Initial IP results using tissue material from pigs provided the evidencefor the technical feasibility of hCFTR detection post transcriptdelivery in vivo. However, as none of the antibodies used inimmunoprecipitating CFTR (R29, R66/17 and R66/16) are commerciallyavailable, other commercially available antibodies were screened fortheir efficacy in IP reactions. Two antibodies from R&D systems(MAB25031 and MAB1660) were tested.

Protein lysates were prepared from T84 cells and 500 μg of total proteinwas used in the IP reaction using different concentrations of MAB25031antibody. The amount of hCFTR protein immunoprecipitated was thendetected by immunoblotting using AB570 (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation).AB596 under these conditions resulted in much higher background and sowas not tested further. As revealed in FIG. 16A, there was no furtherincrease in the amount of CFTR protein precipitated when theconcentration of IP antibody was increased from 2 μg/ml to 4 μg/ml. Boththe fully glycosylated and only core glycosylated forms (C- and B-band,respectively) were detected. The same immunoprecipitates were alsoscreened using MAB1660 as primary antibody in western blot. With thisantibody however, only band-C was visible (FIG. 16B).

After the successful detection of endogenous hCFTR from T84immunoprecipitates using MAB25031 antibody, experiments were performedin NIH3T3 cells with the aim to detect hCFTR protein post transfection.NIH3T3 cells were transfected with hCFTR SNIM RNA. Protein lysates wereprepared at 72 hrs post transfection and protein amounts quantifiedusing BCA method. Human CFTR protein was immunoprecipitated from 500 μgof total protein lysate using MAB25031 antibody at 2 μg/ml followed byimmunoblotting using AB570 (FIG. 17). However, no CFTR could bedetected. Cells transfected with LacZ encoding mRNA were analysed ascontrol samples for the effect of transfection per se on amount of CFTRprotein.

Increasing the amount of total protein used in immunoprecipitation from500 μg to 8 mg did not result in any detectable hCFTR protein postimmunodetection with AB570. Another hCFTR specific antibody, MAB1660(R&D Systems), was also screened for immunoprecipitation (FIG. 18).However, this antibody does not precipitate CFTR as effectively asMAB25031. Therefore all future immunoprecipitations were performed withMAB25031.

Lack of hCFTR detection in mRNA transfected samples may not necessarilymean lack of functionality of the tested mRNAs as kinetic experimentsusing luciferase as marker gene have shown that maximum expression withmRNA is observed at 24 hrs post transfection. Lack of hCFTR detection israther due to insufficient hCFTR concentration in the tested samples orlack of specificity of the applied antibodies.

PEI Formulation.

The established conditions were tested for their feasibility to detecthCFTR after hCFTR SNIM RNA in delivery to pigs (see Example 7) of ananoparticle formulation with 25 kDa branched PEI (“PEI Formulation”)prepared as follows. The required amount of SNIM RNA was diluted justbefore application in water for injection (Braun, Melsungen) to a totalvolume of 4 ml and added quickly to 4 ml of an aqueous solution ofbranched PEI 25 kDa using a pipette at an N/P ratio of 10. The solutionwas mixed by pipetting up and down ten times and nebulized as twoseparate 4.0 ml fractions one after another to the pig lungs using theindicated nebulizer. One sample from the luciferase expressing lungareas from pig #1 and another from the caudal lobe of pig #2, where noluciferase activity could be detected, thus indicating lack of mRNAdelivery and/or expression, were selected as positive and negativecontrols. Protein lysates prepared from these samples wereimmunoprecipitated using MAB25031 (R&D Systems) and hCFTR proteindetected using AB570. As shown in FIG. 19, luciferase expressioncorrelated with the expression of hCFTR mRNA. Sample from the leftcaudal lobe from pig #2 where no luciferase activity was detectable, wasalso negative for hCFTR (lane 1) whereas hCFTR could be detected insamples from pig #1 which were positive for luciferase (lane 2).

Example 7 Aerosol Delivery of mRNA

Establishment of Encapsulated mRNA Aerosol Delivery to the Lungs ofPigs.

Aerosol administration of firefly luciferase (FFL) SNIM RNA to the piglungs was established by a stepwise experimental procedure. In a firststep FFL SNIM RNA formulations were nebulized to anaesthetized pigsduring controlled ventilation. In a second step lungs were excisedimmediately after aerosol administration was completed and lungspecimens were incubated in cell culture medium overnight before ex vivoluciferase measurement was performed on lung specimens by BLI.

Pigs of the German Landrace were obtained from Technical UniversityMunich, Weihenstephan, Germany. The pigs had a body weight ranging from35-90 kg. Each treatment was performed on one pig. In total five pigswere treated. The first pig (90 kg weight) was treated with FFL SNIM RNAin the PEI Formulation of Example 6 using an EFlow mesh nebulizer andmeasurement of luciferase activity in lung homogenates. The second pig(60 kg weight) was treated with FFL SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation ofExample 6 using an EFlow mesh nebulizer and measurement of luciferaseactivity in lung specimens by BLI. The third pig (80 kg weight) wastreated with FFL SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6 using aPART BOY jet nebulizer and measurement of luciferase activity in lungspecimens by BLI. The fourth pig (60 kg weight) was treated with FFLSNIM RNA/hCFTR mRNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6 using an Aeronebmesh nebulizer and measurement of luciferase activity in lung specimensby BLI. The fifth pig (35 kg weight) was treated with FFL SNIM RNA inthe HGT5001 Formulation of Example 6 using an Aeroneb mesh nebulizer andmeasurement of luciferase activity in lung specimens by BLI.

Sedation in pigs was initiated by premedication with azaperone 2 mg/kgbody weight, ketamine 15 mg/kg body weight, atropine 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight and followed by insertion of an intravenous line to the lateralauricular vein. Pigs were anesthetized by intravenous injection ofpropofol 3-5 mg/kg body weight as required. Anesthesia was maintained byisoflurane (2-3%) with 1% propofol bolus injection at 4 to 8 mg/kg bodyweight to enhance anesthesia as required. Duration of the anesthesia wasapproximately 1-3 hrs. Pigs were killed with bolus injection ofpentobarbital (100 mg/kg body weight) and potassium chloride via thelateral ear vein. Lungs were excised and tissue specimens were collectedfrom various lung regions followed by incubation in cell culture mediumovernight. For measurement of luciferase activity tissue specimens wereeither homogenized and analyzed in a tube luminometer or incubated in amedium bath comprising D-Luciferin substrate and subjected to ex vivoluciferase BLI.

Details and Results for Pig #1.

The experimental set up is illustrated in FIG. 20. For aerosoladministration an EFlow mesh nebulizer was connected in-line to theventilation tubing of the respirator. Aerosol administration tookapproximately 60 min and was longer than expected from controlexperiments with an open system. This was apparently caused by increasedback pressure during nebulisation as evidenced by aerosol outflow at thereservoir of the mesh nebulizer. Eight milliliters of the PEIFormulation of Example 6 comprising 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA in water forinjection were prepared as described in WP5 and were nebulized in twoseparate 4 ml portions one after another. Luciferase measurement wasperformed in tissue homogenates of excised lung specimens of variouslung regions after overnight incubation in cell culture medium.Expression values were mapped according to the origin of the lungspecimens (FIG. 21).

The results showed successful luciferase expression in pig lung tissue.Luciferase expression was highest in central parts of the lung anddeclined towards more distal regions of the lung. The expression patterncorrelated with the expected deposition pattern of the inhaled FFL SNIMRNA-PEI nanoparticles according to the chosen ventilation parameters.Levels of luciferase expression were in the same range as observed inmouse experiments in WP5 using the same the PEI Formulation of Example6.

Details and Results for Pig #2.

Aerosol administration of FFL SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example6 in pig #2 was performed as in pig #1 but luciferase activity wasmeasured on lung specimens by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). Thisexperiment was performed to establish ex vivo luciferase measurement oforgan cultured lung specimens by BLI. Luciferase measurement was clearlyobserved in individual tissue specimens of different lung regions of thetreated pig (FIG. 22). The experiment confirmed results obtained frompig #1.

Details and Results for Pig #3.

Aerosol administration in pig #1 and #2 using the EFlow mesh nebulizerrevealed some technical difficulties and inadequate nebulisation time.Therefore, pig #3 was treated using the PART BOY jet nebulizer which wasconnected to the ventilation tubing via a T-connector. Aerosoladministration lasted longer (approximately 80 min) than with the EFlowmesh nebulizer and aerosol administration was non-satisfying. Very lowluciferase activity was detected in sliced lung samples from differentlung regions of the treated pig (FIG. 23).

Details and Results for Pig #4.

The results of the previous experiments demonstrated that a meshnebulizer is more suitable for aerosol administration to the lungs ofpigs in the chosen set up than a jet nebulizer. For this reason, anothermesh nebulizer was tested for this purpose which satisfactorilynebulized the PEI Formulation of Example 6 when tested in an opensystem. Pig #4 was treated using the Aeroneb mesh nebulizer which wasconnected in-line to the tubing of the respirator. In this experiment, 1mg of hCFTR mRNA was co-delivered together with 1 mg of FFL SNIM RNA inthe PEI Formulation of Example 6. This was done to test formulationstability and nebulisability of co-formulated FFL SNIM RNA/hCFTRmRNA-PEI nanoparticles with respect to repeated dosing in to beperformed in Example 8. The formulation was stable and did not revealincompatibility with nebulisation. Luciferase activity was clearlyobserved in individual tissue specimens of different lung regions of thetreated pig (FIG. 24).

The experiment confirmed results obtained from pig #1 and pig #2,although higher expression levels were obtained. The experiment showedthat the Aeroneb mesh nebulizer was best suited for delivery of the thePEI Formulation of Example 6 to the lungs of pigs. Moreover, theexperiment demonstrated FFL SNIM RNA was still active when co-deliveredtogether with hCFTR mRNA.

Details and Results for Pig #5.

Pig #5 was treated with 1 mg of FFL SNIM RNA in the HGT5001 Formulationof Example 6 aerosolized with the Aeroneb mesh nebulizer. Theformulation could be aerosolized without technical difficulties.Luciferase activity was clearly observed in individual tissue specimensof different lung regions of the treated pig (FIG. 25).

The experiment showed that aerosolized FFL SNIM RNA in the HGT5001Formulation of Example 6 is active in pig lung tissue, althoughexpression levels were approximately 15-20-fold lower than in pigstreated with the the PEI Formulation of Example 6.

Conclusion.

Successful results were obtained using the Aeroneb mesh nebulizer withthe PEI Formulation of Example 6. Four pigs were treated with the PEIFormulation of Example 6 to identify the optimal experimental setup foraerosol delivery. The results demonstrated that luciferase expressioncould be detected in pig lung homogenates and by BLI. Luciferaseexpression was highest in central parts of the lungs and hardly seen inthe distal areas of the lungs. The Aeroneb mesh nebulizer was found togive the best results together with the shortest delivery time.According to these experiments another pig was treated with FFL SNIM RNAencapsulated in the HGT5001 Formulation of Example 6. Althoughluciferase expression was clearly observed in some parts of the piglungs, expression levels were lower than for FFL SNIM RNA in the PEIFormulation of Example 6. The results from this work package clearlydemonstrated that SNIM RNA delivery to the lungs of pigs as a largepreclinical animal model was feasible using various formulations such aspolymer (e.g., PEI) based Formulation and lipid (e.g, HGT5001) basedformulations. The results of this example provided proof of concept forsuccessful SNIM RNA delivery to the lungs of a large animal whichclosely mimics the situation in human patients by nebulizer used inclinical practice.

Example 8 In Vivo mRNA Delivery (Weekly Dose)

A trial was performed to evaluate practicability of an aerosolapplication once a week in pigs. Practicability was defined asperforming three aerosol applications of modified mRNA in intervals ofone week without induction of lung disease (absence of adverse eventshigher than grade 2). Additional objectives were to evaluate i) grade ofdistress of the animals, ii) adverse events occurring during laboratoryor clinical assessment of the pigs, and iii) measurement of the inducedproteins (luciferase and hCFTR).

Repeated aerosol administration of SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation tothe lungs of pigs was established. Groups of two pigs were treated one,two, or three times at weakly intervals with FFL SNIM RNA/hCFTR SNIM RNAin the PEI Formulation of Example 6. Two untreated pigs served ascontrols. Lungs were excised 24 hrs after treatment and ex vivoluciferase activity was measured in isolated lung specimens by BLI.Expression of hCFTR protein was analysed using IP/WB.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for detection of luciferaseexpression on the cellular level. Toxicology was investigated bymeasurement of inflammatory cytokines in serum and blood chemistry.Histopathology was performed on lung samples. The study protocol “Pilotproject: Repeated application of modified mRNA to establish an animalmodel for aerosol therapy of cystic fibrosis in pigs” was approved bythe local authorities before the start of the experiments (Animalexperiments license Nr.: 0-045-12).

Experimental Design

Pigs, German Landrace, female approximately 6 weeks old (˜25 kg bodymass in average) at nebulisation, were purchased from TechnicalUniversity Munich, Weihenstephan, Germany. Pigs were randomized andtreated according to the scheme below (Table 3). Treatment groups ofeach two pigs were as follows:

Group 0—Control group without treatment

Group I—Aerosol administration of 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA and 1 mg hCFTR SNIMRNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6 on day 1.

Group II—Aerosol administration of 2 mg hCFTR SNIM RNA in the PEIFormulation of Example 6 on day 1 and 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA and 1 mg hCFTRSNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6 on day 8.

Group III—Aerosol administration of 2 mg hCFTR SNIM RNA (6379-186) inthe PEI Formulation of Example 6 on day 1 and day 8, aerosoladministration of 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA and 1 mg hCFTR SNIM RNA in the PEIFormulation of Example 6 on day 15.

The scheme for treatment and evaluation of each group is shown in Table3. In addition to the illustrated interventions, physical examination ofthe pigs was done on a daily basis.

TABLE 3 Time-line diagram of different treatment groups. Group 0(untreated animals): 1^(st) Euth. Bw ↓ d1 Group 1 (1 aerosolapplication; survival 1 d): 1^(st) 1^(st) Bw Bw AA Euth. ↓ ↓ d1, d2Group 2 (2 aerosol applications; survival 8 d): 1^(st) 1^(st) 2^(nd) 2ndBw Bw Bw Bw AA AA Euth ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7, d8, d9 Group3 (3 aerosol applications; survival 15 d): 1^(st) 1^(st) 2^(nd) 2^(nd)3^(rd) 3^(rd) Bw Bw Bw Bw Bw Bw AA AA AA Euth ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ d1, d2, d3,d4, d5, d6, d7, d8, d9, d10, d11, d12, d13, d14, d15, d16 (Abbreviationsused: AA Aerosol application Bw Blood work D day Euth. Euthanasia of theanimal)

Experimental Procedure

Sedation in pigs was initiated by premedication with azaperone 2 mg/kgbody weight, ketamine 15 mg/kg body weight, atropine 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight and followed by insertion of an intravenous line to the lateralauricular vein. Pigs were anesthetized by intravenous injection ofpropofol 3-5 mg/kg body weight as required. Anesthesia was maintainedwith continuous intravenous infusion of 1% propofol as required.Ventilation parameters were matched with end expiratory carbon dioxideand adjusted if necessary. Anesthesia, respiratory and cardiovascularparameters were monitored continuously using pulse oximetry,capnography, rectal temperature probe and reflex status. Animalsreceived infusion of balanced electrolyte solution at 10 ml/kg/h.Duration of the anesthesia was approximately 80-120 min. Pigs wereextubated after onset of sufficient spontaneous breathing. Pigs werekilled with bolus injection of pentobarbital 100 mg/kg of body weightvia the lateral ear vein after sedation. Lungs were excised and slicedapproximately 1 cm thick tissue specimens were collected from variouslung regions followed by incubation in cell culture. For measurement ofluciferase activity tissue specimens were incubated in a medium bathcomprising D-Luciferin substrate and subjected to ex vivo luciferaseBLI.

Luciferase Expression in Treatment Groups by BLI.

For Group 0 (Control group without treatment), no luciferase activitywas observed in lung slices (FIG. 26).

For Group I (Aerosol administration of 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA and 1 mg hCFTRSNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6), Luciferase activity wasclearly detected in lung specimens of one time treated pigs #3 and #6(FIG. 27). Luciferase expression was highest in central parts of thelungs.

For Group II (Aerosol administration of 2 mg hCFTR SNIM RNA in the PEIFormulation of Example 6 on day 1 and 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA and 1 mg hCFTRSNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6 on day 8), Luciferaseactivity was clearly detected in lung specimens of twice-treated pigs #4and #8 (FIG. 28). Luciferase expression was highest in central parts ofthe lungs. It has to be considered that samples were stored foradditional 10 hours in cell culture medium before measurement because ofa power blackout on the day of the measurements and resulting technicalproblems with the BLI system.

For Group III (Aerosol administration of 2 mg hCFTR SNIM RNA in the PEIFormulation of Example 6 on day 1 and day 8, aerosol administration of 1mg FFL SNIM RNA and 1 mg hCFTR SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation ofExample 6 on day 15), Luciferase activity was clearly detected in lungspecimens of thrice-treated pigs #1 and #2 (FIG. 29). Luciferaseexpression was highest in central parts of the lungs.

Properties of SNIM RNA-PEI Nanoparticles.

Particle size and zeta potential was measured for SNIM RNA-PEIformulations before nebulisation (Table X1). The SNIM RNA-PEInanoparticles could be reproducibly formed with a size ranging from25-37 nm and zeta potentials ranging from 30-49 mV.

TABLE X1 Particle size and Zeta Potential measurements Radius ± S.D. Pig# Treatment # (nm) Zeta potential ± S.D. (mV) 1 1 26.7 ± 0.3 36.9 ± 5.92 33.3 ± 0.6 42.5 ± 5.5 3 31.6 ± 0.4 41.3 ± 3.4 2 1 24.7 ± 0.5 32.9 ±3.3 2 34.9 ± 0.2 41.5 ± 1.4 3 32.5 ± 0.4 29.1 ± 1.1 3 1 35.2 ± 0.8 42.9± 1.9 4 1 36.9 ± 1.1 45.4 ± 0.6 6 1 27.5 ± 0.1 30.5 ± 6.6 2 33.0 ± 0.849.1 ± 3.0 8 1 25.5 ± 0.1 44.0 ± 2.1 2 33.3 ± 0.3 45.9 ± 9.5

Luciferase Expression in Treatment Groups by IHC.

IHC for FFL was performed on tissue specimens of lung slices(Sophistolab AG, Eglisau, Switzerland) which were positive by BLI andcompared with lung tissue of an untreated pig and luciferase-positivemouse tumor tissue as positive control. As expected a strong signal wasseen in the luciferase-positive mouse tumor tissue, whereas lung tissueof the untreated pig did not show specific staining. A clearlydetectable staining pattern could be observed in the lung tissue of pig#1 which received three treatments. FFL expression was most prominent inthe bronchial epithelium of large and small airways (FIG. 30).

Detection of hCFTR Protein in Lung Tissue of Treated Pig by IP/WB.

Highly BLI-positive lung tissue of three times treated pig #1 wassubjected to hCFTR IP/WB according to the protocol described by vanBarneveld A et al., Cell Physiol Biochem. 30, 587-95 (2012) (FIG. 31).Mature complex-glycosylated hCFTR appears as the disperse so-calledC-band. Mannose-rich hCFTR appears as the more dense so-called B-band.Clearly hCFTR expression is observed in T84 positive control cells andlung tissue of pig #1 treated with hCFTR SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulationof Example 6. Expression of hCFTR protein was not observed in untreatedpigs. A comparison of hCFTR protein expression in human lung tissue froma published study using the identical protocol (van Barneveld A et al.,supra) suggested that expression of hCFTR in pig lung tissue after hCFTRSNIM aerosol treatment was similar to hCFTR expression in healthy humanlung.

This finding was further confirmed by using a different set ofantibodies for detection of hCFTR protein by IP/WB in treated pig lung(see Example 6). One sample from the luciferase expressing lung areasfrom pig #1 and another from the caudal lobe of pig #2, where noluciferase activity could be detected, thus indicating lack of mRNAdelivery and/or expression were selected as positive and negativecontrols. Protein lysates prepared from these samples wereimmunoprecipitated using MAB25031 (R&D Systems) and hCFTR proteindetected using AB570. As shown in FIG. 32, luciferase expressioncorrelated with the expression of hCFTR mRNA. Sample from the leftcaudal lobe from pig #2 where no luciferase activity was detectable, wasalso negative for hCFTR (lane 1), whereas hCFTR could be detected insamples from pig #1 which were positive for luciferase (lane 2).

Toxicology: Preliminary Histological Assessment of Lung Samples.

A histological assessment of samples of the lungs taken after theeuthanasia of three animals was performed. After embedding in paraffinsections lung samples were stained with Hematoxiline-Eosine formorphological evaluation. The findings were consistent across thesamples from the three pigs, two of which (pig #1 and pig #2) receivedthree aerosol applications and the third (pig #7) was an untreatedcontrol with no aerosol application.

Toxicology: Distress.

Only pig #2 and pig #1 showed mild signs of distress on day 2-4 afterthe first treatment. Thus, three aerosol applications within three weekscaused only mild distress

Toxicology: Adverse Events.

Kind and frequency of adverse events (AE) were analyzed by laboratoryparameters (blood, MBS and BAL) and by physical examination of the pigs(defined as a secondary objective in this trial).

Serum and whole blood samples were taken at the time points defined bythe study protocol. Twelve representative parameters (haemoglobin,hematocrit, AP, ALT, AST, CK, bilirubin, creatinine, glucose, potassium,thrombocytes, and white blood cells) being indicative to show organspecific pathology (blood, bone marrow, liver, muscle, and kidney) wereselected and the test results obtained from the VetMedLab, Ludwigsburg,Germany classified according to VCOG, version 2011.

The results showed that no severe adverse events (AE) were observed inthe pigs (an AE of grade 3, 4, or 5 would have qualified as severe).There was no impairment of laboratory parameters after aerosolapplication of SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6. For theslight changes in some parameters (e.g. CK or liver enzymes) it is morelikely that these changes were caused by the experimental procedure perse (e.g. i.m. injections and anaesthesia). Also no negative effect fromrepeated application could be detected—even after the third application,the pigs of group 3 show no AE higher than AE grade 2. Even AE grade 1or 2 were rare and showed no correlation to the aerosol application ofSNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation of Example 6.

Besides the repeated blood samples two other parameters were assessed toevaluate pathological processes in the lung: i) Brocho-Alveolar-Lavagefluid (BALF)—taken after euthanasia, and ii) microbiology samples (MBS)(smear form the trachea—taken during the anaesthesia). BALF was takenfrom each pig during autopsy and was stored at −80° C. for furtherexamination. Tracheal smears were taken prior to each aerosolapplication and microbiologically examined. These examinations revealeda broad spectrum of pathogens including Bordetella bronchiospectica (acommon pathogen of the respiratory tract of the pig) and Escherichiacoli. Pigs were once treated with tulathromycin i.m.-injection (1 mlDraxxin® 10%).

Physical Examination.

In addition to the laboratory parameters, physical examinations of thepigs were performed in the observation periods between the aerosolapplications (for details see 1.1.2 of annex 1 and annex 4 of the studyprotocol). As no system for documenting, grading and assigning theattribution of the AE, either to the intervention or something else isdefined for pigs, the common toxicology criteria (CTC)-systemestablished for dogs and cats was used (published by VOCG in 2011). Tograde the laboratory parameters, species specific ULN (upper limits ofnormal) and LLN (lower limits of normal) were used. Clinical assessmentswere made within the following six AE categories:

-   -   (1) allergic/immunologic events; (2) pulmonary/respiratory; (3)        constitutional clinical signs; (4) dermatologic/skin; (5)        gastrointestinal; and (6) pulmonary/respiratory.

The results showed that no severe AE (no grade 3, 4, or 5) were observedin the pigs. There was no impairment of parameters assessed by physicalexamination after the aerosol application of SNIM RNA in the PEIFormulation. The two pigs of group 3 showed grade 1 and 2 AE in three ofthe respiratory parameters (bronchospasm/wheezing, larynx oedema, anddyspnoea) but these mild or moderate findings were restricted to one ortwo days. As these observations only occurred after the firstanaesthesia/intubation/aerosol application in these two pigs but notafter the second or third aerosol application in these two pigs or inany other pig, it is unlikely that these findings are caused by thesubstance under investigation.

Conclusion.

The results of this example demonstrated that the PEI Formulationencoding FFL and hCFTR SNIM RNA could be successfully aerosolizedrepeatedly to the lungs of pigs without loss of activity after eachtreatment cycle and without adverse events. Luciferase expression wasfound in central parts of the lung tissue but hardly detected in distallung areas. The regional pattern of luciferase expression correlatedwith the expected deposition pattern of the the PEI Formulation ofExample 6 according to settings used for controlled ventilation.Immunohistochemistry on selected lung samples form treated pigs showedluciferase expression predominantly in the bronchial epithelium of largeand small airways. IP/WB clearly demonstrated expression ofcomplex-glycosylated C-band of mature human CFTR in treated pig lungwhich was absent in untreated pig lung and luciferase-negative lungspecimens. Expression of hCFTR in pig lung tissue after hCFTR SNIM RNAaerosol treatment was comparable to the hCFTR expression in healthyhuman lung when compared to published reports using the identicalprotocol for hCFTR protein detection. Adverse events grade 1 or 2 werevery rare and showed no correlation to the aerosol application of SNIMRNA in the PEI Formulation. Thus, expression of hCFTR protein wassuccessfully demonstrated in lungs of pigs treated with SNIM hCFTR mRNA.

Example 9 CFTR Encoding mRNA Containing Signal Peptide

This example demonstrates that a CFTR protein may be effectivelyexpressed from a CFTR encoding mRNA with a signal peptide encodingsequence.

Messenger RNA Synthesis.

For the experiment, C-terminal His₁₀ tagged codon optimized human cysticfibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CO-CFTR-C-His₁₀)(SEQ IDNO:15), a codon optimized human CFTR with a growth hormone signalsequence leader (GH-CO-CFTR)(SEQ ID NO:16) and codon optimized humanCFTR (CO-CFTR)(SEQ ID NO:17) SNIM RNA were synthesized by in vitrotranscription from a plasmid DNA template using standard methods. Cellsand CFTR transfection. Human embryonic kidney HEK293T cells were grownin DMEM (Invitrogen Cat #11965-092) supplemented with 10% fetal bovineserum, 2 mM L-Glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin.The day before transfection, cells were plated on 6-well plates at50-60% confluence and incubated under normal tissue culture conditions(36° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2, 95% air). In preparationfor transfection, 60 μl Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen Cat #11668019)was diluted in OptiMem reduced serum media (Invitrogen Cat #31985-062)and gently vortexed. For the experiment 4 μg of either CO-CFTR,GH-CO-CFTR or CO-CFTR-C-His₁₀ SNIM RNA was diluted in 900 μl OptiMemmedia. The mRNA was immediately added to the diluted Lipofectamine® andincubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. The plating media wasgently aspirated and replaced with 1 ml OptiMem Reduced Serum Medium and300 μl of each respective mRNA/Lipofectamine® complex. Cells wereincubated under standard tissue culture conditions.

Western Analysis.

Approximately 48 post transfection, cells were removed from theirrespective plates and lysed. Whole cell lysate was subjected toseparation by SDS-PAGE and probed by Western blot. As shown in FIGS.33A-33C, robust expression of human CFTR protein was detected followingCO-CFTR, GH-CO-CFTR and human CO-CFTR-C-His₁₀ mRNA transfection, byanti-CFTR (33A & 33B) or anti-His (33C) antibodies (FIGS. 33A-33C).

Example 10 In Vivo CO-CFTR-C-his10 mRNA Delivery to CFTR Knockout Mice

Analysis of Human CFTR Protein Produced Via Intratracheal AdministeredmRNA-Loaded Nanoparticles.

All studies were performed using CFTR KO mice. CFTR mRNA formulation orvehicle control was introduced using a PARI Boy jet nebulizer. Mice weresacrificed and perfused with saline, after a predetermined period oftime, to allow for protein expression from the mRNA.

Messenger RNA Synthesis.

In the example, C-terminal His₁₀ tagged codon optimized human cysticfibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CO-CFTR-C-His₁₀) SNIM RNAand codon-optimized FFL SNIM RNA were synthesized by in vitrotranscription from plasmid DNA templates.

PEI Formulation.

For the approach, delivery and expression of CO-CFTR-C-His₁₀ mRNA in thelungs of CFTR knockout mice was evaluated using both polymeric andlipid-based nanoparticle formulations. Polymeric nanoparticleformulations with 25 kDa branched PEI prepared as follows. The requiredamount of SNIM RNA was diluted just before application in water forinjection (Braun, Melsungen) to a total volume of 4 ml and added quicklyto 4 ml of an aqueous solution of branched PEI 25 kDa using a pipette atan N/P ratio of 10. The solution was mixed by pipetting up and down tentimes and nebulized as two separate 4.0 ml fractions one after anotherto the mouse lungs using the indicated nebulizer.

cKK-E12 Formulation.

For the lipid-based nanoparticle experiment, a lipid formulation wascreated using CO-CFTR-C-His10 SNIM RNA in a formulation ofcKK-E12:DOPE:Chol:PEGDMG2K (relative amounts 50:25:20:5 (mg:mg:mg:mg).The solution was nebulized to the mouse lungs using the indicatednebulizer.

Nebulization (Aerosol) Administration of Human CO-CFTR-C-his10 mRNA.

CFTR test materials were administered by a single aerosol inhalation viaPART Boy jet nebulizer (nominal dose volume of up to 8 mL/group). Thetest material was delivered to a box containing the whole group ofanimals (n=4) and connected to oxygen flow and scavenger system.

Administration of Human CO-CFTR-C-his₁₀ mRNA.

CFTR mRNA was prepared in the manner described above. Four CFTR knockoutmice were placed in an aerosol chamber box and exposed to 2 mg totalcodon optimized unmodified human CFTR mRNA (comprising the codingsequence of SEQ ID NO: 3) via nebulization (Pari Boy jet nebulizer) overthe course of approximately one hour. Mice were sacrificed 24 hourspost-exposure.

Euthanasia.

Animals were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation at representative timespost-dose administration (±5%) followed by thoracotomy andexsanguinations. Whole blood (maximal obtainable volume) was collectedvia cardiac puncture and discarded.

Perfusion.

Following exsanguination, all animals underwent cardiac perfusion withsaline. In brief, whole body intracardiac perfusion was performed byinserting 23/21 gauge needle attached to 10 mL syringe containing salineset into the lumen of the left ventricle for perfusion. The right atriumwas incised to provide a drainage outlet for perfusate. Gentle andsteady pressure was applied to the plunger to perfuse the animal afterthe needle had been positioned in the heart. Adequate flow of theflushing solution was ensured when the exiting perfusate flows clear(free of visible blood) indicating that the flushing solution hassaturated the body and the procedure was complete.

Tissue Collection.

Following perfusion, all animals had their lungs (right and left)harvested. Both (right and left) lungs were snap frozen in liquidnitrogen and stored separately at nominally −70° C.

Expression of Human CFTR from CO-CFTR-C-his₁₀ mRNA in CFTR KnockoutMice.

CFTR expression was detected by Western blot analysis of tissue lysatecollected from CFTR mRNA-treated mouse lungs. Mature “C” band wasdetected in left and right lungs of all treated mice, for both thelipid-based and polymeric-based formulations (FIG. 34). Expression ofthe mature “C” band was verified by comparison with lysate collectedfrom HEK 293T human CO-CFTR-C-His₁₀ positive cells as described inExample 9. In contrast, no detectable signal was observed in lysatecollected from wild type untreated control mice (FIG. 34). Takentogether, these data suggest that both polymeric and lipid basedformulations (such as the cKK-E12 formulation listed above) areeffective for lung delivery of CFTR mRNA, e.g., via inhalation, and thatonce delivered, the codon optimized CFTR mRNA can effectively expresshuman CFTR protein.

Example 11 In Vivo Dose Escalation Study

Dose Escalation of PEI Encapsulated mRNA Aerosol Delivery to the Lungsof Pigs.

Aerosol administration of a combination of firefly luciferase (FFL) SNIMRNA and codon optimized human CFTR (CO-CFTR) SNIM RNA at varyingconcentrations to pig lungs was established by a stepwise experimentalprocedure. In a first step the FFL/CO-CFTR SNIM RNA formulation wasnebulized to anaesthetized pigs during controlled ventilation. In asecond step, the animals were sacrificed by bolus injection ofpentobarbital (100 mg/kg of body weight) and potassium chloride via thelateral ear vein after sedation 24 hours after aerosol administrationwas completed. Lungs were excised and sliced to approximately 1 cm thicktissue specimens. For measurement of luciferase activity, tissuespecimens were incubated in a medium bath comprising D-Luciferinsubstrate and subjected to ex vivo luciferase BLI. After BLI, samplesfrom luciferase-positive and luciferase-negative regions were taken forhistopathology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Theresidual specimens were shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequentlystored at −80° C. until analysis by IP/WB and Elisa.

Messenger RNA Synthesis.

In the example, codon optimized human cystic fibrosis transmembraneconductance regulator (CO-CFTR) SNIM RNA, codon-optimized FFL mRNA SNIMRNA were synthesized by in vitro transcription from plasmid DNAtemplates using standard methods.

Experimental Design

Pigs of the German Landrace were obtained from Technical UniversityMunich, Weihenstephan, Germany. The pigs had a body weight ranging from35-90 kg. The study was designed using both age and weight-matched pigsto control for variability. A single cohort of 6 pigs (3 male and 3female) was established for each experimental group of the 4-arm study.The first cohort was treated with water for injection (WFI) alone, whichwas administered using a Aeroneb mesh nebulizer. The second cohort wastreated with a solution of 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA and 1 mg of codon optimizedhuman CFTR (CO-CFTR) SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation described below,using an Aeroneb mesh nebulizer. The third cohort received 1 mg of FFLSNIM RNA and 5 mg of codon optimized human CFTR (CO-CFTR) SNIM RNA inthe PEI Formulation described below. The fourth cohort was treated with1 mg of FFL SNIM RNA and 10 mg of codon optimized human CFTR (CO-CFTR)SNIM RNA in the PEI Formulation described below. The scheme fortreatment and evaluation of each group is shown in Table 4 below.

TABLE 4 Experimental Design for Dose Escalation Study Cohort Pigs (No.and Sex) Treatment Formulation 1 6 (3 male + 3 female) N/A WFI 2 6 (3male + 3 female) 1 mg FFL + 1 mg Branched 25 kDa CO-CFTR PEI + WFI 3 6(3 male + 3 female) 1 mg FFL + 5 mg Branched 25 kDa CO-CFTR PEI + WFI 46 (3 male + 3 female) 1 mg FFL + 10 mg Branched 25 kDa CO-CFTR PEI + WFI

mRNA—PEI Formulation.

An exemplary standardized formulation procedure described below wasperformed just before treatment of the animals.

Materials:

Syringe pump (Mixing device): Manufacturer: KD Scientific Type:KDS-210-CE Syringe: Manufacturer: B. Braun Type: Omnifix, 20 mL or 30mL/Luer Lock Solo Ref: 4617207V Tubing: Manufacturer: B. Braun Type:Safeflow Extension Set Ref: 4097154 Needle: Manufacturer: B. Braun Type:Sterican, 20 G × 1½″ Ref: 4657519 Mixing valve: Manufacturer: B. BraunType: Discofix C 3SC Ref: 16494C Water for injection: Manufacturer: B.Braun Type: Aqua Ref: 82423E

Exemplary method for the preparation of polyplexes containing 1 mg hCFTRSNIM RNA and 1 mg FFL SNIM RNA N/P 10 in a volume of 8 mL: 3 mL waterfor injection and 3 mL RNA stock solution (c: 1 mg/mL in water; 1.5 mLFFL mRNA+1.5 mL CFTR mRNA) were filled into a 15 mL falcon tube. In asecond falcon tube 5.61 mL water for injection were mixed with 0.39 mLbrPEI stock solution (c: 10 mg/mL in water). Two 20 mL syringes werefixed in the mixing device. Each of them was connected to a needle via atubing. One syringe was filled with the RNA- and the other with thePEI-solution using the withdrawal function of the syringe pump.(Settings: Diameter: 20.1 mm, Flow: 5 mL/min, Volume: 5.9 mL). Theneedles were removed and the tubes connected to the mixing valve. It wasimportant to connect the syringe containing the RNA-solution to theangled position of the valve. To control the outlet diameter, a needlewas connected. The mixing was performed using the infusion function ofthe syringe pump (Settings: Diameter: 20.1 mm, Flow: 40 mL/min, Volume:5.8 mL). To achieve a reproducible polydispersity index, the sampleswere fractionated manually during mixing. The first few μL until theflow was stable (100-200 μL) and the last few μL sometimes containingair bubbles were collected in a separate tube. The mixture was incubatedfor 30 min at room temperature for polyplex formation and afterwardsstored on ice. For different doses, the parameters were modified andadapted as shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Exemplary volumes and settings for different mixing volumes mRNAcomponent V (FFL V (hCFTR PEI component SNIM SNIM V (brPEI Aerosol- RNARNA stock; 10 ized Co- 1 mg/mL) 1 mg/mL) Water mg/mL) Water volume hort(mL) (mL) (mL) (mL) (mL) (ml) 2 1.5 1.5 3 0.39 5.61 8 3 1.17 5.83 7 0.9113.09 24 4 1.09 10.91 12 1.56 22.44 44 V(withdrawal) V(infusion) Cohort(ml) (ml) 2 5.9 5.8 3 13.9 13.8 4 23.9 23.8 V(withdrawal) andV(infusion) designate the setting on the syringe pump for aspiration anddispension, respectively, of the mRNA and PEI components.

Transfection of HEK Cells to Check the Functionality of the NebulizedComplexes.

Post nebulization, an aliquot of complexes (80 μl) was used to transfectHEK cells. One day prior to transfection, 1×10⁶ cells were plated in 6well plates. At the day of transfection, medium was removed from thecells, cells were washed with PBS once following which 80 μl ofcomplexes together with 920 μl of serum free MEM medium was added perwell. For each complex, three replicate wells were prepared. The cellswere incubated with the complexes for 4 hours under standard cellculture conditions. At the end of incubation, complex containing mediumwas removed and serum containing MEM medium (1 ml) was added per well.Plates were incubated under standard cell culture conditions. At 24hours post transfection, protein lysates were prepared using the sameprotocol and buffers used for animal tissues with exclusion ofhomogenization step. Cells from three wells were pooled for analysis.Expression of human CFTR was detected using immunoprecipitation withR24.1 antibody (R&D Systems) and Western Blot with a combination of 217,432 and 596 antibodies (all from Cystic Fibrosis Consortium, Universityof Pennsylvania, Pa., USA). hCFTR could be detected for all of complexesnebulized in pigs (see FIGS. 54-57).

Aerosol Application.

The aerosol (WFI alone 44 ml; modified mRNA PEI formulation in WFI: 8,24 and 44 ml) was nebulized and inhaled into the anaesthetized pig viaan Aeroneb® mesh nebulizer. Sedation in pigs was initiated bypremedication with azaperone 2 mg/kg body weight, ketamine 15 mg/kg bodyweight, atropine 0.1 mg/kg body weight and followed by insertion of anintravenous line to the lateral auricular vein. Pigs were anesthetizedby intravenous injection of propofol 3-5 mg/kg body weight as required.Anesthesia was maintained by isoflurane (2-3%) with 1% propofol bolusinjection at 4 to 8 mg/kg body weight to enhance anesthesia as required.Duration of the anesthesia was approximately 1-3 hrs. Pigs weresacrificed with bolus injection of pentobarbital (100 mg/kg body weight)and potassium chloride via the lateral ear vein 24 hours aftercompletion of aerosolization. Lungs were excised and tissue specimenswere collected from various lung regions. The stored samples weresubjected to different assessment methods such as bioluminescence,histopathology, IP/Western Blot and Elisa.

Bioluminescence Analysis.

For measurement of luciferase activity tissue specimens were eitherhomogenized and analyzed in a tube luminometer or incubated in a mediumbath comprising D-Luciferin substrate and subjected to ex vivoluciferase BLI. The data illustrates that a strong bioluminescencesignal was observed for each of cohorts 2-4 (1 mg, 5, mg and 10 mgsrespectively), when compared to control lung tissue samples from cohort1 (WFI vehicle control) (FIGS. 35-38).

CFTR Expression Analysis by Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry.

FFL positive tissues samples were excised (minimum of 10 samples foreach pig within a cohort) and analyzed by immuneprecipitation/Westernblot (IP-WB) and immunohistochemistry for human CFTR. Briefly, proteinlysates were prepared from pig lungs as follows: Between 300-400 mg oflung tissue was used for analysis. The tissue was homogenized in basisbuffer (20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 8.0) containing protease inhibitorsusing LysingMatrixA (MPBiomedicals, Ref:6910-500) and Homogeniser“FastPrep24” (MP Biomedicals). The whole tissue mix was transferred to anew 2 ml safe lock pre-cooled Eppendorf tube and 25 μl iodoacetamide(Sigma: 16125) and 1 μl Omni cleave (1:5 diluted in Omni cleave buffer)(Epicenter: 007810K) was added. The samples were then incubated on icefor 5 minutes, followined by addition of 26 μl of 10% SDS solution.Samples were further incubated at 4° C. for 60 min on a shaker. Postincubation, 260 μl of lysis buffer (850 μl basis buffer+10%TritonX-100+5% Sodium deoxcholate) was added to the samples and theywere incubated at 4° C. on a shaker for 90 minutes. Finally, proteinlysates were centrifuged at 13,000 rpm at 4° C. for 10-20 min and thesupernatant was transferred into a new Eppendorf tube. Proteinconcentration was quantified using the BCA Protein Assay (Pierce).Samples were aliquoted containing 10 mg of total protein and end volumeswere adjusted with basis buffer to 1 ml per sample. Based on the datapresented in Example 6, immunoprecipitation of CFTR was carried outusing antibody R24.1 and was followed by Western blot immunodetection ofCFTR using a triple combination of three different antibodies obtainedfrom Cystic Fibrosis Consortium, University of Pennsylvania, Pa., USA(antibodies 217, 432, 596). To control for intra-group variability amongdifferent animals and variability in CFTR expression, the markers bandin protein size standard corresponding to 150 kDa was set as referenceand the band instensities of different groups were normalized to thisvalue. As demonstrated in FIG. 39, only 16% of the tissues sampleanalysed form the control pigs of cohort 1 resulted in a CFTR expressionlevel greater than baseline. In contrast, cohorts 3 and 4, whichrepresent the 5 mg and 10 mg treatment groups respectively, eachresulted in greater than 30% of their lung tissue samples testingpositive for a CFTR expression level higher than baseline (FIG. 39).Furthermore, the increase in CFTR expression observed within cohorts 3and 4, was almost two fold greater than that of control.

Analysis of CFTR immunohistochemistry was performed by quantification ofCFTR-positive bronchi and bronchioles. A bronchus/bronchiole wasregarded as positive if at least one epithelial cell was detected withinthe epithelial cell layer displaying a clear membrane-localized CFTRsignal. A representative image of a “positive” sample is depicted inFIG. 40. Conditions for CFTR immunohistochemistry were optimized byassessing specificity of available antibodies against CFTR utilizingsingle antibody or combinations of up to three antibodies respectively.Clear CFTR-specific signals were observed after incubation of antibody596. The data demonstrates, that CFTR-positive epithelial cells weredetected in lung tissue sections of all four cohorts, demonstratingdetection of human and porcine CFTR by the immunohistochemistryprocedure (FIGS. 41 and 45). While low (FIG. 42), medium (FIG. 43) andhigh (FIG. 44) CFTR expression levels were observed for cohort 3, theoverall finding demonstrates that the 5 mg treatment of codon optimizedhuman CFTR SNIM RNA resulted in a greater number of CFTR positive cellsand overall CFTR signal intensity compared to vehicle control. The dataalso illustrates a yet further enhancement of CFTR expression following10 mg treatment, thus demonstrating a clear dose response effect (FIG.45). Quantification of absolute and relative numbers of CFTR-positivebronchi/bronchioles further support these findings, revealing asignificant higher numbers in animals which were treated with 5 or 10 mgof human CFTR SNIM RNA compared to vehicle control (FIG. 46). Indicatingan overall elevation in CFTR expression levels following treatment withhuman CFTR SNIM RNA.

CFTR Expression Analysis by In Situ Hybridization (ISH).

FFL positive tissues samples were excised (minimum of 10 samples foreach pig within a cohort) and subjected to manual in situ hybridizationanalysis using the RNAscope® (Advanced Cell Diagnostic) “ZZ” probetechnology. Probes were generated based on the codon-optimized sequenceof codon optimized human CFTR SNIM RNA (SEQ ID NO:17). Briefly, theRNAscope® assay is an in situ hybridication assay designed to visualizesingle RNA molecules per cell in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded(FFPE) tissue mounted on slides. Each embedded tissue sample waspretreated according to the manufacturers protocol and incubated with atarget specific human CFTR specific RNA probe. The hCFTR probe was shownbind CFTR, with cross reactivity to human, mouse, rat, pig and monkey.Once bound, the probe is hybridized to a cascade of signal amplificationmolecules, through a series of 6 consecutive rounds of amplification.The sample was then treated with an HRP-labeled probe specific to thesignal amplification cassette and assayed by chromatic visualizationusing 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). A probe specific for Ubiquitin C wasused as the positive control (FIGS. 47A and 48A), while dapB was used asthe negative control (FIGS. 47B and 48B). Positive CFTR signal wascompared to that of untreated and vehicle control treated porcine lungtissue (FIGS. 49A and 49B). Stained samples were visualized under astandard bright field microscope. The data demonstrates that treatmentwith 1 mg of codon optimized human CFTR SNIM RNA resulted in a dramaticincrease in CFTR expression in both the right (A) and left (B) lungtissue of corhort 2, when compared to vehicle control (FIGS. 49A-49B and50A & 50B) Furthermore, a further increase in CFTR expression wasobserved for the 5 mg and 10 mg treatment groups, as demonstrated by adramatic increase staining observed within the right (A) and left (B)lung samples analyzed for cohorts 3 and 4 (FIGS. 51A-51B and 52A & 52B).Taken together, these data strongly supports the effective delivery ofmRNA via inhalation and expression of human CFTR within both lobes ofthe lung and their various tissues.

Conclusion.

The results demonstrated that both luciferase and CFTR mRNA can beeffectively delivered in vivo to lung tissues. Luciferase expression wasobserved throughout various tissue samples collected from differentregions within both the right and left lobs of the lungs. Thussuggestions, that nebulization is an effective approach foradministering mRNA and results in fairly uniform distribution.Furthermore, in addition to luciferase, CFTR mRNA was also efficientlydelivered to the lungs, resulting in enhanced protein expression.Expression and protein activity was verified by IP-WB,immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Each approach clearlydemonstrated a dose dependent increase in mRNA delivery and CFTRexpression and/or activity, within the tissues of the lung. Takentogether, the experiments highlight the overall practicality andfeasibility for delivering CFTR mRNA to the lung of a human subject anddemonstrate the effectiveness of in vivo CFTR protein production fortherapeutic use.

Example 12 In Vivo Expression in the Lung

This example demonstrates successful in vivo expression in the lungfollowing aerosol delivery of mRNA-loaded nanoparticles. All studieswere performed using pigs of the German Landrace, obtained fromTechnical University Munich, Weihenstephan, Germany. The pigs had a bodyweight ranging from 35-90 kg. FFL/CO-CFTR-C-His10 mRNA formulation orvehicle control was introduced using a Pari jet nebulizer. Pigs weresacrificed and perfused with saline, after a predetermined period oftime, to allow for protein expression from the mRNA.

Messenger RNA Synthesis.

In the example, codon optimized fire fly luciferase (CO-FFL) mRNA wassynthesized by in vitro transcription from plasmid DNA templates.

cKK-E12 Formulation.

For the lipid-based nanoparticle experiment, a lipid formulation wascreated using 1 mg FFL+9 mg of CO-CFTR-C-His10 mRNA encapsulated in aformulation of cKK-E12:DOPE:Chol:PEGDMG2K (relative amounts 40:30:25:5(mol ratio). The solution was nebulized to the Pig lungs using theindicated nebulizer.

Aerosol Application.

The aerosol (Saline or CO-FFL cKK-E12 formulation) was nebulized andinhaled into the anaesthetized pig. Sedation in pigs was initiated bypremedication with azaperone 2 mg/kg body weight, ketamine 15 mg/kg bodyweight, atropine 0.1 mg/kg body weight and followed by insertion of anintravenous line to the lateral auricular vein. Pigs were anesthetizedby intravenous injection of propofol 3-5 mg/kg body weight as required.Anesthesia was maintained by isoflurane (2-3%) with 1% propofol bolusinjection at 4 to 8 mg/kg body weight to enhance anesthesia as required.Duration of the anesthesia was approximately 1-3 hrs. Pigs were killedwith bolus injection of pentobarbital (100 mg/kg body weight) andpotassium chloride via the lateral ear vein. Lungs were excised andtissue specimens were collected from various lung regions followed byincubation in cell culture medium overnight. The stored samples weresubjected to bioluminescence detection.

Bioluminescence Analysis.

For measurement of luciferase activity tissue specimens were eitherhomogenized and analyzed in a tube luminometer or incubated in a mediumbath comprising D-Luciferin substrate and subjected to ex vivoluciferase BLI. A strong bioluminescence signal was observed for each ofthe (A) FFL/CO-CFTR-C-His10 mRNA treated pigs, when compared to (B)control lung tissue samples from control pigs (Saline vehicle control)(FIGS. 53 A&B).

These data illustrate that FFL/CFTR mRNA were successfully delivered toand expressed in the lung by aerosol administration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEQUENCES

SEQ ID NO 1. Wild-type CFTR amino acid sequence.

SEQ ID NO 2. Wild-type CFTR mRNA coding sequence.

SEQ ID NO 3. Non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA coding sequence #1.

SEQ ID NO 4. CFTR mRNA 5′-UTR.

SEQ ID NO 5. CFTR mRNA 3′-UTR #1.

SEQ ID NO 6. FFL 5′ UTR.

SEQ ID NO 7. FFL coding sequence.

SEQ ID NO 8. FFL 3′ UTR.

SEQ ID NO 9. Non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA coding sequence #2.

SEQ ID NO 10. Non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA coding sequence #3.

SEQ ID NO 11. Non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA coding sequence #4.

SEQ ID NO 12. Non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA coding sequence #5.

SEQ ID NO 13. Non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA coding sequence #6.

SEQ ID NO 14. Non-naturally occurring CFTR mRNA coding sequence #7.

SEQ ID NO 15. Codon Optimized Human CFTR C-terminal His₁₀ fusion mRNAcoding sequence.

SEQ ID NO 16. Codon Optimized Human CFTR mRNA coding sequence with aGrowth Hormone Leader Sequence.

SEQ ID NO 17. Codon Optimized Human CFTR mRNA

SEQ ID NO 18. mRNA Leader Sequence #1

SEQ ID NO 19. mRNA Leader Sequence #2

SEQ ID NO 20. CFTR mRNA 3′-UTR #2.

SEQ ID NO: 1 MQRSPLEKASVVSKLFFSWTRPILRKGYRQRLELSDIYQIPSVDSADNLSEKLEREWDRELASKKNPKLINALRRCFFWRFMFYGIFLYLGEVTKAVQPLLLGRIIASYDPDNKEERSIAIYLGIGLCLLFIVRTLLLHPAIFGLHHIGMQMRIAMFSLIYKKTLKLSSRVLDKISIGQLVSLLSNNLNKFDEGLALAHFVWIAPLQVALLMGLIWELLQASAFCGLGFLIVLALFQAGLGRMMMKYRDQRAGKISERLVITSEMIENIQSVKAYCWEEAMEKMIENLRQTELKLTRKAAYVRYFNSSAFFFSGFFVVFLSVLPYALIKGIILRKIFTTISFCIVLRMAVTRQFPWAVQTWYDSLGAINKIQDFLQKQEYKTLEYNLTTTEVVMENVTAFWEEGFGELFEKAKQNNNNRKTSNGDDSLFFSNFSLLGTPVLKDINFKIERGQLLAVAGSTGAGKTSLLMVIMGELEPSEGKIKHSGRISFCSQFSWIMPGTIKENIIFGVSYDEYRYRSVIKACQLEEDISKFAEKDNIVLGEGGITLSGGQRARISLARAVYKDADLYLLDSPFGYLDVLTEKEIFESCVCKLMANKTRILVTSKMEHLKKADKILILHEGSSYFYGTFSELQNLQPDFSSKLMGCDSFDQFSAERRNSILTETLHRFSLEGDAPVSWTETKKQSFKQTGEFGEKRKNSILNPINSIRKFSIVQKTPLQMNGIEEDSDEPLERRLSLVPDSEQGEAILPRISVISTGPTLQARRRQSVLNLMTHSVNQGQNIHRKTTASTRKVSLAPQANLTELDIYSRRLSQETGLEISEEINEEDLKECFFDDMESIPAVTTWNTYLRYITVHKSLIFVLIWCLVIFLAEVAASLVVLWLLGNTPLQDKGNSTHSRNNSYAVIITSTSSYYVFYIYVGVADTLLAMGFFRGLPLVHTLITVSKILHHKMLHSVLQAPMSTLNTLKAGGILNRFSKDIAILDDLLPLTIFDFIQLLLIVIGAIAVVAVLQPYIFVATVPVIVAFIMLRAYFLQTSQQLKQLESEGRSPIFTHLVTSLKGLWTLRAFGRQPYFETLFHKALNLHTANWFLYLSTLRWFQMRIEMIFVIFFIAVTFISILTTGEGEGRVGIILTLAMNIMSTLQWAVNSSIDVDSLMRSVSRVFKFIDMPTEGKPTKSTKPYKNGQLSKVMIIENSHVKKDDIWPSGGQMTVKDLTAKYTEGGNAILENISFSISPGQRVGLLGRTGSGKSTLLSAFLRLLNTEGEIQIDGVSWDSITLQQWRKAFGVIPQKVFIFSGTFRKNLDPYEQWSDQEIWKVADEVGLRSVIEQFPGKLDFVLVDGGCVLSHGHKQLMCLARSVLSKAKILLLDEPSAHLDPVTYQIIRRTLKQAFADCTVILCEHRIEAMLECQQFLVIEENKVRQYDSIQKLLNERSLFRQAISPSDRVKLFPHRNSSKCKSKPQIAALKEETEEEVQDTRL (SEQ ID NO: 1) SEQ ID NO: 2AUGCAGAGGUCGCCUCUGGAAAAGGCCAGCGUUGUCUCCAAACUUUUUUUCAGCUGGACCAGACCAAUUUUGAGGAAAGGAUACAGACAGCGCCUGGAAUUGUCAGACAUAUACCAAAUCCCUUCUGUUGAUUCUGCUGACAAUCUAUCUGAAAAAUUGGAAAGAGAAUGGGAUAGAGAGCUGGCUUCAAAGAAAAAUCCUAAACUCAUUAAUGCCCUUCGGCGAUGUUUUUUCUGGAGAUUUAUGUUCUAUGGAAUCUUUUUAUAUUUAGGGGAAGUCACCAAAGCAGUACAGCCUCUCUUACUGGGAAGAAUCAUAGCUUCCUAUGACCCGGAUAACAAGGAGGAACGCUCUAUCGCGAUUUAUCUAGGCAUAGGCUUAUGCCUUCUCUUUAUUGUGAGGACACUGCUCCUACACCCAGCCAUUUUUGGCCUUCAUCACAUUGGAAUGCAGAUGAGAAUAGCUAUGUUUAGUUUGAUUUAUAAGAAGACUUUAAAGCUGUCAAGCCGUGUUCUAGAUAAAAUAAGUAUUGGACAACUUGUUAGUCUCCUUUCCAACAACCUGAACAAAUUUGAUGAAGGACUUGCAUUGGCACAUUUCGUGUGGAUCGCUCCUUUGCAAGUGGCACUCCUCAUGGGGCUAAUCUGGGAGUUGUUACAGGCGUCUGCCUUCUGUGGACUUGGUUUCCUGAUAGUCCUUGCCCUUUUUCAGGCUGGGCUAGGGAGAAUGAUGAUGAAGUACAGAGAUCAGAGAGCUGGGAAGAUCAGUGAAAGACUUGUGAUUACCUCAGAAAUGAUUGAAAAUAUCCAAUCUGUUAAGGCAUACUGCUGGGAAGAAGCAAUGGAAAAAAUGAUUGAAAACUUAAGACAAACAGAACUGAAACUGACUCGGAAGGCAGCCUAUGUGAGAUACUUCAAUAGCUCAGCCUUCUUCUUCUCAGGGUUCUUUGUGGUGUUUUUAUCUGUGCUUCCCUAUGCACUAAUCAAAGGAAUCAUCCUCCGGAAAAUAUUCACCACCAUCUCAUUCUGCAUUGUUCUGCGCAUGGCGGUCACUCGGCAAUUUCCCUGGGCUGUACAAACAUGGUAUGACUCUCUUGGAGCAAUAAACAAAAUACAGGAUUUCUUACAAAAGCAAGAAUAUAAGACAUUGGAAUAUAACUUAACGACUACAGAAGUAGUGAUGGAGAAUGUAACAGCCUUCUGGGAGGAGGGAUUUGGGGAAUUAUUUGAGAAAGCAAAACAAAACAAUAACAAUAGAAAAACUUCUAAUGGUGAUGACAGCCUCUUCUUCAGUAAUUUCUCACUUCUUGGUACUCCUGUCCUGAAAGAUAUUAAUUUCAAGAUAGAAAGAGGACAGUUGUUGGCGGUUGCUGGAUCCACUGGAGCAGGCAAGACUUCACUUCUAAUGAUGAUUAUGGGAGAACUGGAGCCUUCAGAGGGUAAAAUUAAGCACAGUGGAAGAAUUUCAUUCUGUUCUCAGUUUUCCUGGAUUAUGCCUGGCACCAUUAAAGAAAAUAUCAUCUUUGGUGUUUCCUAUGAUGAAUAUAGAUACAGAAGCGUCAUCAAAGCAUGCCAACUAGAAGAGGACAUCUCCAAGUUUGCAGAGAAAGACAAUAUAGUUCUUGGAGAAGGUGGAAUCACACUGAGUGGAGGUCAACGAGCAAGAAUUUCUUUAGCAAGAGCAGUAUACAAAGAUGCUGAUUUGUAUUUAUUAGACUCUCCUUUUGGAUACCUAGAUGUUUUAACAGAAAAAGAAAUAUUUGAAAGCUGUGUCUGUAAACUGAUGGCUAACAAAACUAGGAUUUUGGUCACUUCUAAAAUGGAACAUUUAAAGAAAGCUGACAAAAUAUUAAUUUUGAAUGAAGGUAGCAGCUAUUUUUAUGGGACAUUUUCAGAACUCCAAAAUCUACAGCCAGACUUUAGCUCAAAACUCAUGGGAUGUGAUUCUUUCGACCAAUUUAGUGCAGAAAGAAGAAAUUCAAUCCUAACUGAGACCUUACACCGUUUCUCAUUAGAAGGAGAUGCUCCUGUCUCCUGGACAGAAACAAAAAAACAAUCUUUUAAACAGACUGGAGAGUUUGGGGAAAAAAGGAAGAAUUCUAUUCUCAAUCCAAUCAACUCUAUACGAAAAUUUUCCAUUGUGCAAAAGACUCCCUUACAAAUGAAUGGCAUCGAAGAGGAUUCUGAUGAGCCUUUAGAGAGAAGGCUGUCCUUAGUACCAGAUUCUGAGCAGGGAGAGGCGAUACUGCCUCGCAUCAGCGUGAUCAGCACUGGCCCCACGCUUCAGGCACGAAGGAGGCAGUCUGUCCUGAACCUGAUGACACACUCAGUUAACCAAGGUCAGAACAUUCACCGAAAGACAACAGCAUCCACACGAAAAGUGUCACUGGCCCCUCAGGCAAACUUGACUGAACUGGAUAUAUAUUCAAGAAGGUUAUCUCAAGAAACUGGCUUGGAAAUAAGUGAAGAAAUUAACGAAGAAGACUUAAAGGAGUGCCUUUUUGAUGAUAUGGAGAGCAUACCAGCAGUGACUACAUGGAACACAUACCUUCGAUAUAUUACUGUCCACAAGAGCUUAAUUUUUGUGCUAAUUUGGUGCUUAGUAAUUUUUCUGGCAGAGGUGGCUGCUUCUUUGGUUGUGCUGUGGCUCCUUGGAAACACUCCUCUUCAAGACAAAGGGAAUAGUACUCAUAGUAGAAAUAACAGCUAUGCAGUGAUUAUCACCAGCACCAGUUCGUAUUAUGUGUUUUACAUUUACGUGGGAGUAGCCGACACUUUGCUUGCUAUGGGAUUCUUCAGAGGUCUACCACUGGUGCAUACUCUAAUCACAGUGUCGAAAAUUUUACACCACAAAAUGUUACAUUCUGUUCUUCAAGCACCUAUGUCAACCCUCAACACGUUGAAAGCAGGUGGGAUUCUUAAUAGAUUCUCCAAAGAUAUAGCAAUUUUGGAUGACCUUCUGCCUCUUACCAUAUUUGACUUCAUCCAGUUGUUAUUAAUUGUGAUUGGAGCUAUAGCAGUUGUCGCAGUUUUACAACCCUACAUCUUUGUUGCAACAGUGCCAGUGAUAGUGGCUUUUAUUAUGUUGAGAGCAUAUUUCCUCCAAACCUCACAGCAACUCAAACAACUGGAAUCUGAAGGCAGGAGUCCAAUUUUCACUCAUCUUGUUACAAGCUUAAAAGGACUAUGGACACUUCGUGCCUUCGGACGGCAGCCUUACUUUGAAACUCUGUUCCACAAAGCUCUGAAUUUACAUACUGCCAACUGGUUCUUGUACCUGUCAACACUGCGCUGGUUCCAAAUGAGAAUAGAAAUGAUUUUUGUCAUCUUCUUCAUUGCUGUUACCUUCAUUUCCAUUUUAACAACAGGAGAAGGAGAAGGAAGAGUUGGUAUUAUCCUGACUUUAGCCAUGAAUAUCAUGAGUACAUUGCAGUGGGCUGUAAACUCCAGCAUAGAUGUGGAUAGCUUGAUGCGAUCUGUGAGCCGAGUCUUUAAGUUCAUUGACAUGCCAACAGAAGGUAAACCUACCAAGUCAACCAAACCAUACAAGAAUGGCCAACUCUCGAAAGUUAUGAUUAUUGAGAAUUCACACGUGAAGAAAGAUGACAUCUGGCCCUCAGGGGGCCAAAUGACUGUCAAAGAUCUCACAGCAAAAUACACAGAAGGUGGAAAUGCCAUAUUAGAGAACAUUUCCUUCUCAAUAAGUCCUGGCCAGAGGGUGGGCCUCUUGGGAAGAACUGGAUCAGGGAAGAGUACUUUGUUAUCAGCUUUUUUGAGACUACUGAACACUGAAGGAGAAAUCCAGAUCGAUGGUGUGUCUUGGGAUUCAAUAACUUUGCAACAGUGGAGGAAAGCCUUUGGAGUGAUACCACAGAAAGUAUUUAUUUUUUCUGGAACAUUUAGAAAAAACUUGGAUCCCUAUGAACAGUGGAGUGAUCAAGAAAUAUGGAAAGUUGCAGAUGAGGUUGGGCUCAGAUCUGUGAUAGAACAGUUUCCUGGGAAGCUUGACUUUGUCCUUGUGGAUGGGGGCUGUGUCCUAAGCCAUGGCCACAAGCAGUUGAUGUGCUUGGCUAGAUCUGUUCUCAGUAAGGCGAAGAUCUUGCUGCUUGAUGAACCCAGUGCUCAUUUGGAUCCAGUAACAUACCAAAUAAUUAGAAGAACUCUAAAACAAGCAUUUGCUGAUUGCACAGUAAUUCUCUGUGAACACAGGAUAGAAGCAAUGCUGGAAUGCCAACAAUUUUUGGUCAUAGAAGAGAACAAAGUGCGGCAGUACGAUUCCAUCCAGAAACUGCUGAACGAGAGGAGCCUCUUCCGGCAAGCCAUCAGCCCCUCCGACAGGGUGAAGCUCUUUCCCCACCGGAACUCAAGCAAGUGCAAGUCUAAGCCCCAGAUUGCUGCUCUGAAAGAGGAGACAGAAGAAGAGGUGCAAGAUACAAGGCUUUAG (SEQ ID NO: 2) SEQ ID NO: 3AUGCAGCGGUCCCCGCUCGAAAAGGCCAGUGUCGUGUCCAAACUCUUCUUCUCAUGGACUCGGCCUAUCCUUAGAAAGGGGUAUCGGCAGAGGCUUGAGUUGUCUGACAUCUACCAGAUCCCCUCGGUAGAUUCGGCGGAUAACCUCUCGGAGAAGCUCGAACGGGAAUGGGACCGCGAACUCGCGUCUAAGAAAAACCCGAAGCUCAUCAACGCACUGAGAAGGUGCUUCUUCUGGCGGUUCAUGUUCUACGGUAUCUUCUUGUAUCUCGGGGAGGUCACAAAAGCAGUCCAACCCCUGUUGUUGGGUCGCAUUAUCGCCUCGUACGACCCCGAUAACAAAGAAGAACGGAGCAUCGCGAUCUACCUCGGGAUCGGACUGUGUUUGCUUUUCAUCGUCAGAACACUUUUGUUGCAUCCAGCAAUCUUCGGCCUCCAUCACAUCGGUAUGCAGAUGCGAAUCGCUAUGUUUAGCUUGAUCUACAAAAAGACACUGAAACUCUCGUCGCGGGUGUUGGAUAAGAUUUCCAUCGGUCAGUUGGUGUCCCUGCUUAGUAAUAACCUCAACAAAUUCGAUGAGGGACUGGCGCUGGCACAUUUCGUGUGGAUUGCCCCGUUGCAAGUCGCCCUUUUGAUGGGCCUUAUUUGGGAGCUGUUGCAGGCAUCUGCCUUUUGUGGCCUGGGAUUUCUGAUUGUGUUGGCAUUGUUUCAGGCUGGGCUUGGGCGGAUGAUGAUGAAGUAUCGCGACCAGAGAGCGGGUAAAAUCUCGGAAAGACUCGUCAUCACUUCGGAAAUGAUCGAAAACAUCCAGUCGGUCAAAGCCUAUUGCUGGGAAGAAGCUAUGGAGAAGAUGAUUGAAAACCUCCGCCAAACUGAGCUGAAACUGACCCGCAAGGCGGCGUAUGUCCGGUAUUUCAAUUCGUCAGCGUUCUUCUUUUCCGGGUUCUUCGUUGUCUUUCUCUCGGUUUUGCCUUAUGCCUUGAUUAAGGGGAUUAUCCUCCGCAAGAUUUUCACCACGAUUUCGUUCUGCAUUGUAUUGCGCAUGGCAGUGACACGGCAAUUUCCGUGGGCCGUGCAGACAUGGUAUGACUCGCUUGGAGCGAUCAACAAAAUCCAAGACUUCUUGCAAAAGCAAGAGUACAAGACCCUGGAGUACAAUCUUACUACUACGGAGGUAGUAAUGGAGAAUGUGACGGCUUUUUGGGAAGAGGGUUUUGGAGAACUGUUUGAGAAAGCAAAGCAGAAUAACAACAACCGCAAGACCUCAAAUGGGGACGAUUCCCUGUUUUUCUCGAACUUCUCCCUGCUCGGAACACCCGUGUUGAAGGACAUCAAUUUCAAGAUUGAGAGGGGACAGCUUCUCGCGGUAGCGGGAAGCACUGGUGCGGGAAAAACUAGCCUCUUGAUGGUGAUUAUGGGGGAGCUUGAGCCCAGCGAGGGGAAGAUUAAACACUCCGGGCGUAUCUCAUUCUGUAGCCAGUUUUCAUGGAUCAUGCCCGGAACCAUUAAAGAGAACAUCAUUUUCGGAGUAUCCUAUGAUGAGUACCGAUACAGAUCGGUCAUUAAGGCGUGCCAGUUGGAAGAGGACAUUUCUAAGUUCGCCGAGAAGGAUAACAUCGUCUUGGGAGAAGGGGGUAUUACAUUGUCGGGAGGGCAGCGAGCGCGGAUCAGCCUCGCGAGAGCGGUAUACAAAGAUGCAGAUUUGUAUCUGCUUGAUUCACCGUUUGGAUACCUCGACGUAUUGACAGAAAAAGAAAUCUUCGAGUCGUGCGUGUGUAAACUUAUGGCUAAUAAGACGAGAAUCCUGGUGACAUCAAAAAUGGAACACCUUAAGAAGGCGGACAAGAUCCUGAUCCUCCACGAAGGAUCGUCCUACUUUUACGGCACUUUCUCAGAGUUGCAAAACUUGCAGCCGGACUUCUCAAGCAAACUCAUGGGGUGUGACUCAUUCGACCAGUUCAGCGCGGAACGGCGGAACUCGAUCUUGACGGAAACGCUGCACCGAUUCUCGCUUGAGGGUGAUGCCCCGGUAUCGUGGACCGAGACAAAGAAGCAGUCGUUUAAGCAGACAGGAGAAUUUGGUGAGAAAAGAAAGAACAGUAUCUUGAAUCCUAUUAACUCAAUUCGCAAGUUCUCAAUCGUCCAGAAAACUCCACUGCAGAUGAAUGGAAUUGAAGAGGAUUCGGACGAACCCCUGGAGCGCAGGCUUAGCCUCGUGCCGGAUUCAGAGCAAGGGGAGGCCAUUCUUCCCCGGAUUUCGGUGAUUUCAACCGGACCUACACUUCAGGCGAGGCGAAGGCAAUCCGUGCUCAACCUCAUGACGCAUUCGGUAAACCAGGGGCAAAACAUUCACCGCAAAACGACGGCCUCAACGAGAAAAGUGUCACUUGCACCCCAGGCGAAUUUGACUGAACUCGACAUCUACAGCCGUAGGCUUUCGCAAGAAACCGGACUUGAGAUCAGCGAAGAAAUCAAUGAAGAAGAUUUGAAAGAGUGUUUCUUUGAUGACAUGGAAUCAAUCCCAGCGGUGACAACGUGGAACACAUACUUGCGUUACAUCACGGUGCACAAGUCCUUGAUUUUCGUCCUCAUCUGGUGUCUCGUGAUCUUUCUCGCUGAGGUCGCAGCGUCACUUGUGGUCCUCUGGCUGCUUGGUAAUACGCCCUUGCAAGACAAAGGCAAUUCUACACACUCAAGAAACAAUUCCUAUGCCGUGAUUAUCACUUCUACAAGCUCGUAUUACGUGUUUUACAUCUACGUAGGAGUGGCCGACACUCUGCUCGCGAUGGGUUUCUUCCGAGGACUCCCACUCGUUCACACGCUUAUCACUGUCUCCAAGAUUCUCCACCAUAAGAUGCUUCAUAGCGUACUGCAGGCUCCCAUGUCCACCUUGAAUACGCUCAAGGCGGGAGGUAUUUUGAAUCGCUUCUCAAAAGAUAUUGCAAUUUUGGAUGACCUUCUGCCCCUGACGAUCUUCGACUUCAUCCAGUUGUUGCUGAUCGUGAUUGGGGCUAUUGCAGUAGUCGCUGUCCUCCAGCCUUACAUUUUUGUCGCGACCGUUCCGGUGAUCGUGGCGUUUAUCAUGCUGCGGGCCUAUUUCUUGCAGACGUCACAGCAGCUUAAGCAACUGGAGUCUGAAGGGAGGUCGCCUAUCUUUACGCAUCUUGUGACCAGUUUGAAGGGAUUGUGGACGUUGCGCGCCUUUGGCAGGCAGCCCUACUUUGAAACACUGUUCCACAAAGCGCUGAAUCUCCAUACGGCAAAUUGGUUUUUGUAUUUGAGUACCCUCCGAUGGUUUCAGAUGCGCAUUGAGAUGAUUUUUGUGAUCUUCUUUAUCGCGGUGACUUUUAUCUCCAUCUUGACCACGGGAGAGGGCGAGGGACGGGUCGGUAUUAUCCUGACACUCGCCAUGAACAUUAUGAGCACUUUGCAGUGGGCAGUGAACAGCUCGAUUGAUGUGGAUAGCCUGAUGAGGUCCGUUUCGAGGGUCUUUAAGUUCAUCGACAUGCCGACGGAGGGAAAGCCCACAAAAAGUACGAAACCCUAUAAGAAUGGGCAAUUGAGUAAGGUAAUGAUCAUCGAGAACAGUCACGUGAAGAAGGAUGACAUCUGGCCUAGCGGGGGUCAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACCUGACGGCAAAAUACACCGAGGGAGGGAACGCAAUCCUUGAAAACAUCUCGUUCAGCAUUAGCCCCGGUCAGCGUGUGGGGUUGCUCGGGAGGACCGGGUCAGGAAAAUCGACGUUGCUGUCGGCCUUCUUGAGACUUCUGAAUACAGAGGGUGAGAUCCAGAUCGACGGCGUUUCGUGGGAUAGCAUCACCUUGCAGCAGUGGCGGAAAGCGUUUGGAGUAAUCCCCCAAAAGGUCUUUAUCUUUAGCGGAACCUUCCGAAAGAAUCUCGAUCCUUAUGAACAGUGGUCAGAUCAAGAGAUUUGGAAAGUCGCGGACGAGGUUGGCCUUCGGAGUGUAAUCGAGCAGUUUCCGGGAAAACUCGACUUUGUCCUUGUAGAUGGGGGAUGCGUCCUGUCGCAUGGGCACAAGCAGCUCAUGUGCCUGGCGCGAUCCGUCCUCUCUAAAGCGAAAAUUCUUCUCUUGGAUGAACCUUCGGCCCAUCUGGACCCGGUAACGUAUCAGAUCAUCAGAAGGACACUUAAGCAGGCGUUUGCCGACUGCACGGUGAUUCUCUGUGAGCAUCGUAUCGAGGCCAUGCUCGAAUGCCAGCAAUUUCUUGUCAUCGAAGAGAAUAAGGUCCGCCAGUACGACUCCAUCCAGAAGCUGCUUAAUGAGAGAUCAUUGUUCCGGCAGGCGAUUUCACCAUCCGAUAGGGUGAAACUUUUUCCACACAGAAAUUCGUCGAAGUGCAAGUCCAAACCGCAGAUCGCGGCCUUGAAAGAAGAGACUGAAGAAGAAGUUCAAGACACGCGUCUUUAA (SEQ ID NO: 3) SEQ ID NO: 4GGACAGAUCGCCUGGAGACGCCAUCCACGCUGUUUUGACCUCCAUAGAAGACACCGGGACCGAUCCAGCCUCCGCGGCCGGGAACGGUGCAUUGGAACGCGGAUUCCCCGUGCCAAGAGUGACUCACCGUCCUUGACACG (SEQ ID NO: 4) SEQ ID NO: 5CGGGUGGCAUCCCUGUGACCCCUCCCCAGUGCCUCUCCUGGCCCUGGAAGUUGCCACUCCAGUGCCCACCAGCCUUGUCCUAAUAAAAUUAAGUUGCA UC (SEQ ID NO: 5)SEQ ID NO: 6 GGGAUCCUACC (SEQ ID NO: 6) SEQ ID NO: 7AUGGAAGAUGCCAAAAACAUUAAGAAGGGCCCAGCGCCAUUCUACCCACUCGAAGACGGGACCGCCGGCGAGCAGCUGCACAAAGCCAUGAAGCGCUACGCCCUGGUGCCCGGCACCAUCGCCUUUACCGACGCACAUAUCGAGGUGGACAUUACCUACGCCGAGUACUUCGAGAUGAGCGUUCGGCUGGCAGAAGCUAUGAAGCGCUAUGGGCUGAAUACAAACCAUCGGAUCGUGGUGUGCAGCGAGAAUAGCUUGCAGUUCUUCAUGCCCGUGUUGGGUGCCCUGUUCAUCGGUGUGGCUGUGGCCCCAGCUAACGACAUCUACAACGAGCGCGAGCUGCUGAACAGCAUGGGCAUCAGCCAGCCCACCGUCGUAUUCGUGAGCAAGAAAGGGCUGCAAAAGAUCCUCAACGUGCAAAAGAAGCUACCGAUCAUACAAAAGAUCAUCAUCAUGGAUAGCAAGACCGACUACCAGGGCUUCCAAAGCAUGUACACCUUCGUGACUUCCCAUUUGCCACCCGGCUUCAACGAGUACGACUUCGUGCCCGAGAGCUUCGACCGGGACAAAACCAUCGCCCUGAUCAUGAACAGUAGUGGCAGUACCGGAUUGCCCAAGGGCGUAGCCCUACCGCACCGCACCGCUUGUGUCCGAUUCAGUCAUGCCCGCGACCCCAUCUUCGGCAACCAGAUCAUCCCCGACACCGCUAUCCUCAGCGUGGUGCCAUUUCACCACGGCUUCGGCAUGUUCACCACGCUGGGCUACUUGAUCUGCGGCUUUCGGGUCGUGCUCAUGUACCGCUUCGAGGAGGAGCUAUUCUUGCGCAGCUUGCAAGACUAUAAGAUUCAAUCUGCCCUGCUGGUGCCCACACUAUUUAGCUUCUUCGCUAAGAGCACUCUCAUCGACAAGUACGACCUAAGCAACUUGCACGAGAUCGCCAGCGGCGGGGCGCCGCUCAGCAAGGAGGUAGGUGAGGCCGUGGCCAAACGCUUCCACCUACCAGGCAUCCGCCAGGGCUACGGCCUGACAGAAACAACCAGCGCCAUUCUGAUCACCCCCGAAGGGGACGACAAGCCUGGCGCAGUAGGCAAGGUGGUGCCCUUCUUCGAGGCUAAGGUGGUGGACUUGGACACCGGUAAGACACUGGGUGUGAACCAGCGCGGCGAGCUGUGCGUCCGUGGCCCCAUGAUCAUGAGCGGCUACGUUAACAACCCCGAGGCUACAAACGCUCUCAUCGACAAGGACGGCUGGCUGCACAGCGGCGACAUCGCCUACUGGGACGAGGACGAGCACUUCUUCAUCGUGGACCGGCUGAAGAGCCUGAUCAAAUACAAGGGCUACCAGGUAGCCCCAGCCGAACUGGAGAGCAUCCUGCUGCAACACCCCAACAUCUUCGACGCCGGGGUCGCCGGCCUGCCCGACGACGAUGCCGGCGAGCUGCCCGCCGCAGUCGUCGUGCUGGAACACGGUAAAACCAUGACCGAGAAGGAGAUCGUGGACUAUGUGGCCAGCCAGGUUACAACCGCCAAGAAGCUGCGCGGUGGUGUUGUGUUCGUGGACGAGGUGCCUAAAGGACUGACCGGCAAGUUGGACGCCCGCAAGAUCCGCGAGAUUCUCAUUAAGGCCAAGAAGGGCGGCAAGAUCGCCGUGUA (SEQ ID NO: 7) SEQ ID NO: 8UUUGAAUU (SEQ ID NO: 8) SEQ ID NO: 9AUGCAGAGAAGCCCCCUGGAAAAGGCCAGCGUGGUGUCCAAGCUGUUCUUCAGCUGGACCAGACCCAUCCUGAGAAAGGGCUACAGACAGAGACUGGAACUGAGCGACAUCUACCAGAUCCCCAGCGUGGACAGCGCCGACAACCUGAGCGAGAAGCUGGAAAGAGAGUGGGACAGAGAGCUGGCUAGCAAGAAGAACCCCAAGCUGAUCAACGCCCUGAGGCGGUGCUUCUUCUGGCGGUUUAUGUUCUACGGCAUCUUCCUGUACCUGGGCGAAGUGACAAAGGCCGUGCAGCCCCUGCUCCUGGGCAGAAUCAUUGCCAGCUACGACCCCGACAACAAAGAGGAAAGAUCUAUCGCCAUCUACCUGGGCAUCGGCCUGUGCCUGCUGUUCAUCGUGCGGACACUGCUGCUGCACCCCGCCAUCUUCGGCCUGCACCACAUCGGCAUGCAGAUGAGAAUCGCCAUGUUCAGCCUGAUCUACAAGAAAACCCUGAAGCUGAGCAGCAGGGUGCUGGACAAGAUCAGCAUCGGACAGCUGGUGUCCCUGCUGAGCAACAACCUGAACAAGUUCGACGAGGGACUGGCCCUGGCUCACUUCGUGUGGAUCGCUCCACUGCAGGUCGCCCUGCUGAUGGGCCUGAUCUGGGAGCUGCUGCAGGCCAGCGCUUUCUGCGGCCUGGGCUUUCUGAUUGUGCUGGCCCUGUUUCAGGCUGGCCUGGGCAGGAUGAUGAUGAAGUACAGGGACCAGAGAGCCGGCAAGAUCAGCGAGAGACUGGUCAUCACCAGCGAGAUGAUCGAGAACAUCCAGAGCGUGAAGGCCUACUGCUGGGAAGAGGCCAUGGAAAAGAUGAUCGAAAACCUGAGACAGACCGAGCUGAAGCUGACCAGAAAGGCCGCCUACGUGCGGUACUUCAACAGCAGCGCCUUCUUCUUCUCCGGCUUCUUCGUGGUGUUCCUGUCCGUGCUGCCCUACGCCCUGAUCAAGGGCAUCAUCCUGAGGAAGAUCUUCACCACCAUUUCUUUCUGCAUCGUGCUGAGAAUGGCCGUGACCAGACAGUUCCCCUGGGCCGUGCAGACUUGGUACGACAGCCUGGGCGCCAUCAACAAGAUCCAGGACUUCCUGCAGAAGCAGGAGUACAAGACCCUCGAGUACAACCUGACCACCACCGAGGUGGUCAUGGAAAACGUGACCGCCUUCUGGGAGGAAGGCUUCGGCGAGCUGUUCGAGAAGGCCAAGCAGAACAACAACAACAGAAAGACCAGCAACGGCGACGACUCCCUGUUCUUCUCCAACUUCUCCCUGCUGGGCACCCCCGUGCUGAAGGACAUCAACUUCAAGAUCGAGAGAGGCCAGCUGCUCGCCGUGGCCGGCUCUACAGGCGCUGGCAAGACCUCUCUGCUGAUGGUCAUCAUGGGCGAGCUGGAACCCAGCGAGGGCAAGAUCAAGCACAGCGGCAGAAUCAGCUUCUGCAGCCAGUUCAGCUGGAUCAUGCCCGGCACCAUCAAAGAGAACAUCAUCUUCGGCGUGUCCUACGACGAGUACAGAUACAGAAGCGUGAUCAAGGCCUGCCAGCUGGAAGAGGACAUCAGCAAGUUCGCCGAGAAGGACAACAUCGUGCUGGGCGAGGGCGGCAUCACCCUGUCUGGCGGCCAGAGAGCCAGAAUCAGCCUGGCCAGAGCCGUGUACAAGGACGCCGACCUGUACCUGCUGGACAGCCCCUUCGGCUACCUGGACGUGCUGACCGAGAAAGAGAUCUUCGAGAGCUGCGUGUGCAAGCUGAUGGCCAACAAGACCAGAAUCCUGGUCACCAGCAAGAUGGAACACCUGAAGAAGGCCGACAAGAUCCUGAUCCUGCACGAGGGCAGCAGCUACUUCUACGGCACAUUCAGCGAGCUGCAGAACCUGCAGCCCGACUUCAGCAGCAAACUGAUGGGCUGCGACAGCUUCGACCAGUUCAGCGCCGAGAGAAGAAACAGCAUCCUGACCGAGACACUGCACAGAUUCAGCCUGGAAGGCGACGCCCCCGUGUCUUGGACCGAGACAAAGAAGCAGAGCUUCAAGCAGACCGGCGAGUUCGGCGAGAAGAGAAAGAACUCCAUCCUGAACCCCAUCAACAGCAUCCGGAAGUUCAGCAUCGUGCAGAAAACCCCCCUGCAGAUGAACGGCAUCGAAGAGGACAGCGACGAGCCCCUGGAAAGACGGCUGAGCCUGGUGCCUGACAGCGAGCAGGGCGAGGCCAUCCUGCCUAGAAUCAGCGUGAUCAGCACCGGCCCCACCCUGCAGGCUAGAAGGCGGCAGAGCGUGCUGAACCUGAUGACCCACAGCGUGAACCAGGGCCAGAACAUCCACCGCAAGACCACCGCCAGCACCAGAAAGGUGUCCCUGGCUCCUCAGGCCAACCUGACCGAGCUGGACAUCUACAGCAGAAGGCUGAGCCAGGAAACCGGCCUGGAAAUCAGCGAGGAAAUCAACGAAGAGGACCUGAAAGAGUGCUUCUUCGACGACAUGGAAUCCAUCCCCGCCGUGACCACCUGGAACACCUACCUGCGGUACAUCACCGUGCACAAGAGCCUGAUCUUCGUGCUGAUCUGGUGCCUGGUCAUCUUCCUGGCCGAGGUGGCCGCCAGCCUGGUGGUGCUGUGGCUCCUGGGAAACACCCCUCUGCAGGACAAGGGCAACAGCACCCACAGCAGAAACAACAGCUACGCCGUGAUCAUCACCUCCACCAGCUCCUACUACGUGUUCUACAUCUACGUGGGCGUGGCCGACACCCUGCUGGCUAUGGGCUUCUUCAGAGGCCUGCCCCUGGUGCACACCCUGAUCACCGUGUCCAAGAUCCUGCACCAUAAGAUGCUGCACAGCGUGCUGCAGGCUCCCAUGAGCACCCUGAACACACUGAAGGCUGGCGGCAUCCUGAACAGGUUCAGCAAGGAUAUCGCCAUCCUGGACGACCUGCUGCCUCUGACCAUCUUCGACUUCAUCCAGCUGCUGCUGAUCGUGAUCGGCGCUAUCGCCGUGGUGGCCGUGCUGCAGCCCUACAUCUUCGUGGCCACCGUGCCCGUGAUCGUGGCCUUCAUUAUGCUGAGAGCCUACUUUCUGCAGACCAGCCAGCAGCUGAAGCAGCUGGAAAGCGAGGGCAGAAGCCCCAUCUUCACCCACCUCGUGACCAGCCUGAAGGGCCUGUGGACCCUGAGAGCCUUCGGCAGACAGCCCUACUUCGAGACACUGUUCCACAAGGCCCUGAACCUGCACACCGCCAACUGGUUUCUGUACCUGUCCACCCUGAGAUGGUUCCAGAUGAGGAUCGAGAUGAUCUUCGUCAUCUUCUUUAUCGCCGUGACCUUCAUCUCUAUCCUGACCACCGGCGAGGGCGAGGGAAGAGUGGGAAUCAUCCUGACCCUGGCCAUGAACAUCAUGAGCACACUGCAGUGGGCCGUGAACAGCAGCAUCGACGUGGACAGCCUGAUGAGAAGCGUGUCCAGAGUGUUCAAGUUCAUCGACAUGCCUACCGAGGGCAAGCCCACCAAGAGCACCAAGCCCUACAAGAACGGCCAGCUGAGCAAAGUGAUGAUCAUCGAGAACAGCCACGUCAAGAAGGACGACAUCUGGCCCAGCGGCGGACAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACCUGACCGCCAAGUACACAGAGGGCGGCAACGCUAUCCUGGAAAACAUCAGCUUCAGCAUCAGCCCAGGCCAGAGAGUGGGCCUGCUGGGGAGAACAGGCAGCGGCAAGUCUACCCUGCUGUCCGCCUUCCUGAGACUGCUGAACACCGAGGGCGAGAUCCAGAUCGAUGGCGUGUCCUGGGACUCCAUCACCCUGCAGCAGUGGCGCAAGGCCUUCGGCGUGAUCCCCCAGAAGGUGUUCAUCUUCAGCGGCACCUUCAGAAAGAACCUGGACCCCUACGAGCAGUGGUCCGACCAGGAAAUCUGGAAGGUCGCCGAUGAAGUGGGCCUGAGAUCCGUGAUCGAGCAGUUCCCCGGCAAGCUGGACUUCGUGCUGGUGGACGGCGGCUGCGUGCUGAGCCACGGCCACAAGCAGCUGAUGUGUCUGGCCCGCUCCGUGCUGAGCAAGGCUAAGAUUCUGCUGCUGGACGAGCCUAGCGCCCACCUGGACCCUGUGACCUACCAGAUCAUCAGAAGGACCCUGAAGCAGGCCUUCGCCGACUGCACCGUGAUCCUGUGCGAGCACAGAAUCGAGGCCAUGCUGGAAUGCCAGCAGUUCCUGGUCAUCGAAGAGAACAAAGUGCGGCAGUACGACAGCAUCCAGAAGCUGCUGAACGAGAGAAGCCUGUUCAGACAGGCCAUCAGCCCCAGCGACAGAGUGAAGCUGUUCCCCCACCGCAACAGCAGCAAGUGCAAGAGCAAGCCCCAGAUCGCCGCCCUGAAAGAAGAGACUGAGGAAGAGGUGCAGGACACCAGACUGUGA (SEQ ID NO: 9) SEQ ID NO: 10AUGCAGCGGUCCCCGCUCGAAAAGGCCAGUGUCGUGUCCAAACUCUUCUUCUCAUGGACUCGGCCUAUCCUUAGAAAGGGGUAUCGGCAGAGGCUUGAGUUGUCUGACAUCUACCAGAUCCCCUCGGUAGAUUCGGCGGAUAACCUCUCGGAGAAGCUCGAACGGGAAUGGGACCGCGAACUCGCGUCUAAGAAAAACCCGAAGCUCAUCAACGCACUGAGAAGGUGCUUCUUCUGGCGGUUCAUGUUCUACGGUAUCUUCUUGUAUCUCGGGGAGGUCACAAAAGCAGUCCAACCCCUGUUGUUGGGUCGCAUUAUCGCCUCGUACGACCCCGAUAACAAAGAAGAACGGAGCAUCGCGAUCUACCUCGGGAUCGGACUGUGUUUGCUUUUCAUCGUCAGAACACUUUUGUUGCAUCCAGCAAUCUUCGGCCUCCAUCACAUCGGUAUGCAGAUGCGAAUCGCUAUGUUUAGCUUGAUCUACAAAAAGACACUGAAACUCUCGUCGCGGGUGUUGGAUAAGAUUUCCAUCGGUCAGUUGGUGUCCCUGCUUAGUAAUAACCUCAACAAAUUCGAUGAGGGACUGGCGCUGGCACAUUUCGUGUGGAUUGCCCCGCUGCAAGUCGCACUGCUUAUGGGACUGAUUUGGGAACUGUUGCAGGCCAGCGCCUUUUGCGGCCUGGGAUUUCUCAUUGUGCUUGCACUUUUCCAAGCAGGGCUCGGCAGAAUGAUGAUGAAGUACAGGGACCAGAGAGCCGGAAAGAUCUCAGAACGGCUCGUGAUUACUUCAGAAAUGAUCGAGAACAUUCAAUCGGUGAAAGCGUACUGCUGGGAAGAGGCGAUGGAAAAGAUGAUCGAAAACCUCAGACAGACCGAGUUGAAGCUGACCCGGAAGGCCGCGUACGUCAGAUACUUCAACAGCAGCGCUUUCUUCUUCUCGGGCUUCUUCGUCGUGUUCCUGUCGGUGCUGCCGUAUGCCCUCAUUAAGGGAAUUAUCUUGCGGAAGAUCUUUACUACUAUCUCAUUUUGCAUCGUCCUUCGGAUGGCGGUCACUCGGCAGUUCCCGUGGGCCGUGCAGACCUGGUACGACAGCCUCGGGGCCAUCAACAAGAUCCAAGACUUUCUCCAAAAGCAAGAGUACAAAACCCUCGAAUACAACCUCACCACUACUGAAGUGGUCAUGGAAAACGUGACCGCCUUUUGGGAAGAAGGCUUCGGAGAACUGUUCGAGAAGGCGAAGCAAAACAACAAUAAUCGCAAGACUAGCAACGGGGAUGACUCACUGUUCUUCAGCAAUUUCUCACUGCUCGGCACCCCGGUGCUUAAGGACAUCAACUUCAAGAUUGAACGCGGACAGCUCUUGGCGGUGGCCGGAUCCACCGGAGCAGGAAAGACUAGCCUGCUGAUGGUGAUCAUGGGUGAGCUGGAACCGUCCGAAGGCAAAAUCAAGCACUCCGGCAGAAUCAGCUUCUGCUCGCAGUUUUCGUGGAUCAUGCCAGGAACCAUCAAAGAGAACAUCAUCUUUGGAGUCUCAUACGAUGAGUACCGCUACAGAAGCGUGAUUAAGGCCUGCCAGCUUGAAGAGGACAUCUCCAAGUUCGCGGAAAAGGACAACAUCGUGCUGGGUGAGGGAGGGAUCACGUUGUCGGGCGGUCAGAGAGCCCGCAUUUCGCUGGCACGGGCUGUGUACAAGGAUGCGGAUCUUUACCUUCUGGACUCGCCAUUCGGUUACCUCGACGUGCUGACCGAAAAAGAAAUCUUCGAGAGCUGCGUGUGUAAGCUGAUGGCUAAUAAGACUAGAAUCCUCGUGACGUCCAAAAUGGAACAUCUUAAGAAGGCGGAUAAGAUUCUCAUUCUUCACGAGGGGUCGAGCUACUUCUACGGGACUUUUAGCGAGCUGCAGAAUUUGCAGCCGGACUUCAGCUCAAAGCUCAUGGGCUGCGACUCGUUCGAUCAGUUCAGCGCCGAACGGCGCAAUUCGAUCUUGACGGAAACCCUGCACAGAUUCUCGCUGGAGGGAGAUGCACCUGUCUCGUGGACCGAAACCAAGAAGCAGUCCUUCAAGCAGACGGGAGAGUUCGGAGAAAAGCGGAAGAACUCAAUCCUCAACCCAAUCAACUCCAUUCGCAAAUUCUCAAUCGUGCAGAAAACUCCACUGCAGAUGAACGGUAUCGAAGAGGAUUCGGACGAGCCACUUGAGCGGAGACUGUCGCUGGUGCCAGAUUCAGAACAGGGGGAGGCAAUCCUGCCGCGCAUUUCCGUGAUCAGCACUGGGCCGACCCUCCAAGCUAGACGCAGGCAAUCAGUGCUGAAUCUCAUGACCCACUCCGUCAACCAGGGACAGAAUAUCCACCGCAAGACCACCGCGUCGACUAGAAAGGUGUCAUUGGCACCGCAAGCAAAUUUGACUGAACUUGACAUCUACUCACGGCGCCUCUCCCAAGAAACCGGAUUGGAAAUCUCCGAAGAGAUUAACGAAGAAGAUUUGAAAGAGUGUUUCUUCGACGAUAUGGAGUCGAUCCCCGCAGUGACCACUUGGAAUACGUAUCUUCGGUACAUCACCGUGCACAAGAGCCUGAUCUUCGUCCUCAUCUGGUGCCUGGUGAUCUUUCUGGCCGAAGUCGCCGCUUCGCUGGUCGUGCUGUGGCUGCUCGGUAAUACCCCGCUCCAAGACAAAGGCAAUUCCACUCACUCGCGCAACAACAGCUACGCUGUGAUUAUCACGUCAACCUCGUCGUACUAUGUGUUCUACAUCUACGUGGGAGUCGCGGACACUCUGCUCGCUAUGGGCUUCUUUCGCGGACUGCCCCUGGUCCACACUCUCAUCACGGUGAGCAAGAUCCUCCAUCAUAAGAUGCUCCAUUCCGUGCUGCAGGCCCCGAUGAGCACUCUCAACACUCUGAAGGCGGGUGGAAUCUUGAACAGAUUUUCCAAAGACAUCGCGAUUCUGGACGAUCUGCUCCCACUCACUAUCUUCGACUUCAUCCAACUGCUGCUGAUCGUCAUCGGAGCUAUCGCCGUGGUGGCUGUCCUCCAGCCGUAUAUCUUCGUGGCCACUGUGCCGGUGAUUGUCGCUUUCAUCAUGUUGCGCGCGUACUUCUUGCAAACCUCGCAGCAACUCAAGCAACUGGAGUCCGAGGGCCGGAGCCCAAUCUUUACCCAUCUGGUGACUUCACUGAAAGGUCUGUGGACCCUCCGCGCCUUUGGUCGCCAGCCUUACUUCGAAACUCUCUUUCACAAAGCACUGAAUCUCCACACUGCAAACUGGUUCUUGUACCUGUCCACCCUGCGGUGGUUCCAAAUGCGGAUCGAGAUGAUCUUUGUCAUCUUCUUCAUCGCCGUGACUUUUAUCUCCAUCCUCACCACCGGCGAGGGAGAGGGGAGAGUGGGAAUCAUCCUGACGCUGGCGAUGAAUAUCAUGUCCACUUUGCAGUGGGCCGUCAAUUCGAGCAUCGACGUGGAUUCGCUGAUGCGCAGCGUGUCGCGCGUGUUCAAGUUCAUCGAUAUGCCCACCGAAGGUAAACCCACCAAGAGCACGAAGCCUUACAAGAACGGGCAGCUCUCAAAGGUGAUGAUUAUCGAGAACUCCCAUGUGAAGAAGGACGACAUCUGGCCAUCCGGAGGACAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACCUGACCGCCAAAUACACGGAGGGCGGAAAUGCAAUCCUCGAAAACAUCUCGUUCUCCAUCUCGCCUGGCCAAAGGGUGGGACUUUUGGGACGCACUGGAUCCGGAAAGAGCACCCUGCUUAGCGCCUUCUUGAGGCUCUUGAACACCGAGGGCGAAAUCCAGAUCGAUGGCGUGUCGUGGGAUUCGAUCACCCUGCAGCAGUGGAGAAAGGCCUUCGGGGUGAUCCCGCAAAAAGUGUUCAUCUUCUCCGGAACGUUUCGGAAAAACCUUGACCCAUACGAACAAUGGUCGGAUCAAGAGAUUUGGAAGGUCGCCGACGAAGUGGGGCUGCGCUCCGUGAUCGAGCAGUUUCCGGGAAAACUGGACUUCGUCUUGGUCGACGGCGGAUGCGUCCUGUCCCACGGACAUAAGCAGCUGAUGUGCCUGGCCCGCAGCGUCCUUUCAAAAGCUAAGAUCCUGCUGCUGGAUGAACCUUCAGCACACCUCGACCCGGUCACCUACCAGAUCAUCAGACGGACCCUGAAACAGGCCUUUGCGGAUUGUACUGUGAUCUUGUGUGAACACCGCAUUGAAGCCAUGCUGGAGUGCCAGCAGUUCCUGGUCAUCGAAGAGAACAAAGUGCGGCAGUACGAUUCCAUCCAAAAACUGCUCAAUGAGCGGUCCCUGUUCAGACAGGCAAUUAGCCCGAGCGACAGGGUCAAAUUGUUCCCCCAUAGAAAUUCGUCGAAAUGUAAGUCAAAGCCUCAGAUCGCGGCACUGAAAGAAGAAACUGAAGAAGAGGUGCAAGACACCAGACUGUGA (SEQ ID NO: 10) SEQ ID NO: 11AUGCAGAGAAGCCCACUGGAAAAGGCGUCGGUGGUGUCAAAGCUGUUCUUUAGCUGGACCAGACCUAUCUUGCGGAAGGGAUACCGCCAACGCCUGGAGCUGUCGGACAUCUACCAGAUUCCGUCAGUGGAUUCAGCAGACAAUCUCUCCGAAAAGCUGGAACGCGAAUGGGACAGAGAGUUGGCGUCAAAGAAGAACCCAAAGUUGAUCAAUGCCCUGCGCCGCUGCUUCUUCUGGCGGUUCAUGUUCUACGGAAUCUUUCUGUACCUCGGCGAAGUCACCAAGGCUGUGCAACCGCUUCUGCUGGGACGCAUCAUCGCCUCAUACGACCCGGACAACAAGGAAGAACGCUCCAUCGCAAUCUACCUCGGGAUCGGCCUCUGCCUGCUGUUUAUCGUGCGGACGCUGCUGCUCCAUCCAGCCAUUUUCGGACUGCACCACAUUGGCAUGCAAAUGCGGAUCGCCAUGUUCAGCCUGAUCUACAAAAAGACCCUGAAGUUGAGCUCACGGGUGUUGGAUAAGAUUUCGAUCGGACAGCUGGUGUCGCUGCUCUCCAACAACCUCAACAAGUUUGACGAAGGCCUGGCACUGGCCCACUUCGUGUGGAUUGCCCCGUUGCAAGUCGCCCUUUUGAUGGGCCUUAUUUGGGAGCUGUUGCAGGCAUCUGCCUUUUGUGGCCUGGGAUUUCUGAUUGUGUUGGCAUUGUUUCAGGCUGGGCUUGGGCGGAUGAUGAUGAAGUAUCGCGACCAGAGAGCGGGUAAAAUCUCGGAAAGACUCGUCAUCACUUCGGAAAUGAUCGAAAACAUCCAGUCGGUCAAAGCCUAUUGCUGGGAAGAAGCUAUGGAGAAGAUGAUUGAAAACCUCCGCCAAACUGAGCUGAAACUGACCCGCAAGGCGGCGUAUGUCCGGUAUUUCAAUUCGUCAGCGUUCUUCUUUUCCGGGUUCUUCGUUGUCUUUCUCUCGGUUUUGCCUUAUGCCUUGAUUAAGGGGAUUAUCCUCCGCAAGAUUUUCACCACGAUUUCGUUCUGCAUUGUAUUGCGCAUGGCAGUGACACGGCAAUUUCCGUGGGCCGUGCAGACAUGGUAUGACUCGCUUGGAGCGAUCAACAAAAUCCAAGACUUCUUGCAAAAGCAAGAGUACAAGACCCUGGAGUACAAUCUUACUACUACGGAGGUAGUAAUGGAGAAUGUGACGGCUUUUUGGGAGGAAGGAUUCGGCGAAUUGUUCGAAAAGGCUAAGCAGAACAACAACAAUCGGAAAACCUCCAAUGGGGACGAUUCGCUGUUCUUCUCGAAUUUCUCCCUGCUGGGAACGCCCGUGCUUAAAGACAUCAACUUCAAGAUCGAACGGGGCCAGCUGCUCGCGGUCGCGGGCAGCACUGGAGCGGGAAAGACUUCCCUGCUCAUGGUCAUCAUGGGAGAGCUGGAGCCCUCGGAGGGCAAAAUCAAGCACUCGGGGAGGAUCUCAUUUUGCAGCCAGUUCUCGUGGAUCAUGCCCGGUACUAUCAAAGAAAACAUCAUCUUUGGAGUCAGCUAUGACGAGUACCGCUACCGGUCGGUGAUCAAGGCCUGCCAGCUGGAAGAAGAUAUCUCCAAGUUCGCCGAAAAGGACAACAUUGUGCUGGGAGAAGGUGGAAUCACUCUCUCGGGAGGCCAGCGCGCACGGAUCUCACUCGCAAGGGCCGUGUACAAGGAUGCCGAUUUGUACCUGUUGGAUUCGCCGUUCGGUUAUCUUGAUGUCCUCACUGAGAAAGAGAUUUUUGAGUCGUGCGUCUGUAAGCUGAUGGCCAACAAAACCCGCAUCCUGGUGACCUCGAAGAUGGAGCACUUGAAGAAGGCCGACAAAAUCCUUAUCCUCCAUGAGGGUAGCUCAUACUUCUACGGCACCUUUUCGGAACUGCAGAAUCUGCAGCCCGACUUCUCAUCAAAACUGAUGGGAUGUGACUCGUUCGAUCAGUUCUCGGCGGAGCGGCGGAACUCGAUCCUCACCGAAACUCUCCACCGGUUCAGCCUCGAGGGAGAUGCCCCAGUCAGCUGGACCGAAACUAAGAAGCAGUCCUUCAAACAGACCGGAGAGUUCGGAGAAAAACGCAAGAACUCCAUCCUCAAUCCAAUCAACAGCAUCCGCAAGUUCAGCAUCGUGCAGAAAACUCCACUUCAGAUGAACGGAAUCGAAGAGGAUAGCGACGAGCCGCUUGAGCGGAGAUUGUCACUGGUGCCGGACAGCGAGCAAGGGGAAGCGAUUCUGCCGCGGAUCUCCGUGAUCUCGACUGGCCCUACCCUCCAAGCUCGCAGACGCCAGAGCGUGCUGAAUCUCAUGACCCACUCAGUCAACCAGGGACAAAACAUCCAUAGAAAGACCACCGCUUCAACCCGGAAAGUGUCACUUGCACCGCAGGCAAACCUGACCGAACUCGACAUCUACAGCAGACGGCUCUCACAAGAAACUGGAUUGGAGAUCAGCGAAGAGAUCAACGAAGAAGAUCUCAAAGAAUGCUUCUUCGACGAUAUGGAGUCCAUCCCAGCAGUCACUACGUGGAAUACCUACCUCCGCUACAUCACUGUGCACAAGAGCCUGAUUUUCGUGUUGAUCUGGUGCCUGGUCAUCUUCUUGGCCGAGGUGGCCGCGAGCCUCGUGGUCCUCUGGCUGCUCGGCAAUACGCCGCUGCAAGAUAAGGGAAAUUCCACGCAUAGCAGAAACAACUCAUACGCAGUGAUCAUCACUAGCACUUCAUCGUACUACGUGUUCUACAUCUACGUGGGGGUGGCCGAUACUCUGUUGGCAAUGGGAUUCUUUAGAGGGCUGCCUCUGGUGCAUACUCUGAUCACUGUGUCCAAGAUCCUCCACCACAAGAUGCUCCACUCCGUGCUUCAGGCCCCUAUGUCAACUCUCAACACCCUCAAGGCCGGAGGUAUUCUUAAUCGCUUUUCCAAGGACAUCGCCAUUCUCGAUGACUUGCUUCCCCUGACUAUCUUCGACUUUAUCCAGUUGCUGCUGAUUGUGAUCGGCGCUAUUGCCGUCGUCGCAGUGCUGCAACCGUACAUCUUUGUGGCUACCGUCCCAGUCAUUGUGGCCUUCAUCAUGCUCAGGGCAUACUUUCUCCAGACCAGCCAGCAGCUCAAGCAGCUCGAAUCCGAAGGCAGAUCGCCGAUCUUCACCCACCUCGUCACUUCGCUCAAGGGCCUCUGGACCCUGCGCGCCUUCGGUCGCCAGCCGUAUUUCGAAACCCUGUUCCAUAAAGCACUGAACCUCCAUACUGCGAACUGGUUUCUCUACCUUUCAACCCUGAGGUGGUUCCAGAUGAGAAUCGAGAUGAUCUUUGUGAUCUUCUUUAUCGCUGUGACGUUCAUCUCCAUUCUCACUACCGGCGAGGGAGAGGGCAGAGUGGGGAUUAUCCUCACGCUGGCCAUGAAUAUCAUGAGCACGCUGCAGUGGGCCGUCAAUAGCAGCAUCGACGUGGACUCCCUGAUGCGGUCCGUGUCGAGAGUGUUUAAGUUCAUCGAUAUGCCUACUGAAGGGAAACCGACCAAGUCGACCAAGCCGUACAAGAAUGGGCAGCUGAGCAAGGUGAUGAUUAUUGAGAACUCCCAUGUGAAGAAGGACGACAUCUGGCCCAGCGGAGGCCAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACUUGACCGCUAAGUACACUGAGGGUGGAAAUGCCAUUCUUGAGAAUAUCAGCUUCUCGAUCUCGCCGGGACAACGCGUGGGAUUGCUCGGGCGCACUGGCAGCGGCAAAUCCACCCUGCUUAGCGCUUUUCUGAGGCUGCUGAACACUGAAGGUGAAAUUCAAAUCGAUGGAGUGUCGUGGGAUAGCAUCACCCUUCAACAGUGGCGCAAGGCCUUCGGCGUGAUCCCUCAAAAGGUCUUUAUCUUCUCGGGGACGUUCCGGAAAAAUCUCGACCCCUACGAACAGUGGUCAGACCAAGAGAUUUGGAAAGUCGCAGAUGAGGUCGGACUGCGCUCAGUGAUCGAACAGUUUCCGGGUAAACUUGACUUCGUGCUCGUCGAUGGAGGUUGCGUCCUGUCCCACGGACAUAAGCAGCUGAUGUGUCUGGCGCGCUCGGUCCUCUCCAAAGCGAAGAUCCUGCUGCUCGAUGAACCGUCCGCCCACCUUGAUCCAGUGACCUAUCAGAUCAUUCGGAGAACUUUGAAGCAAGCCUUCGCUGACUGCACCGUCAUCCUCUGCGAACACCGGAUCGAGGCAAUGCUGGAGUGCCAACAGUUUCUGGUCAUCGAAGAAAACAAAGUGCGCCAGUAUGACUCGAUCCAAAAACUUCUGAACGAGCGCUCCCUCUUCCGGCAGGCAAUCAGCCCAUCCGACCGCGUGAAGUUGUUCCCUCAUCGGAAUAGCUCCAAAUGCAAAUCGAAGCCGCAGAUCGCUGCCUUGAAAGAAGAAACCGAAGAAGAAGUCCAAGACACUAGGUUGUAG (SEQ ID NO: 11) SEQ ID NO: 12AUGCAGCGGUCCCCUCUGGAGAAGGCUUCCGUGGUCAGCAAGCUGUUCUUCUCGUGGACCAGACCUAUCCUCCGCAAGGGAUACCGCCAGCGCCUGGAGCUGUCAGAUAUCUACCAGAUCCCAAGCGUGGACUCAGCCGACAAUCUGAGCGAAAAGCUGGAACGGGAGUGGGACCGGGAGCUCGCCUCCAAGAAGAAUCCGAAGUUGAUCAAUGCGCUGCGCAGAUGCUUCUUCUGGCGGUUUAUGUUUUACGGCAUCUUUCUGUAUCUCGGAGAAGUGACCAAAGCCGUGCAGCCGCUGCUCUUGGGUAGGAUCAUUGCUUCGUACGACCCGGACAACAAAGAAGAACGCUCCAUCGCCAUCUACCUCGGAAUCGGUCUGUGCCUGCUCUUUAUCGUGCGCACUCUCCUGCUGCAUCCGGCGAUCUUCGGACUGCACCACAUCGGCAUGCAAAUGCGGAUCGCAAUGUUCUCACUGAUCUACAAAAAGACUCUGAAGCUCAGCUCCAGAGUGCUGGAUAAGAUCUCGAUCGGGCAACUCGUCAGCCUGCUGUCGAACAAUCUGAAUAAGUUCGACGAAGGGUUGGCCCUCGCACAUUUCGUGUGGAUCGCACCGCUGCAAGUGGCGCUCCUGAUGGGACUCAUUUGGGAACUGCUCCAAGCCAGCGCGUUUUGCGGACUCGGAUUCCUGAUCGUGCUCGCCCUGUUCCAAGCCGGACUGGGGCGCAUGAUGAUGAAGUACCGCGAUCAGCGGGCAGGAAAGAUCUCCGAGCGGUUGGUGAUCACUUCCGAAAUGAUCGAGAAUAUUCAGUCCGUGAAGGCCUACUGCUGGGAAGAAGCUAUGGAAAAGAUGAUUGAAAACUUGCGGCAAACUGAGCUGAAAUUGACUCGCAAAGCGGCAUACGUCCGCUACUUCAAUAGCAGCGCCUUCUUCUUUUCGGGCUUUUUCGUGGUGUUUCUGAGCGUGCUGCCCUACGCUCUGAUCAAGGGAAUCAUCCUCCGGAAAAUCUUCACCACCAUUUCGUUCUGUAUCGUGUUGCGCAUGGCCGUGACUCGCCAGUUCCCCUGGGCGGUGCAGACCUGGUACGACAGCUUGGGGGCAAUCAAUAAGAUUCAAGACUUCUUGCAAAAGCAGGAGUACAAGACUCUGGAGUACAACCUGACCACCACUGAAGUCGUGAUGGAGAACGUGACCGCCUUUUGGGAAGAGGGUUUUGGAGAACUGUUUGAGAAAGCAAAGCAGAAUAACAACAACCGCAAGACCUCAAAUGGGGACGAUUCCCUGUUUUUCUCGAACUUCUCCCUGCUCGGAACACCCGUGUUGAAGGACAUCAAUUUCAAGAUUGAGAGGGGACAGCUUCUCGCGGUAGCGGGAAGCACUGGUGCGGGAAAAACUAGCCUCUUGAUGGUGAUUAUGGGGGAGCUUGAGCCCAGCGAGGGGAAGAUUAAACACUCCGGGCGUAUCUCAUUCUGUAGCCAGUUUUCAUGGAUCAUGCCCGGAACCAUUAAAGAGAACAUCAUUUUCGGAGUAUCCUAUGAUGAGUACCGAUACAGAUCGGUCAUUAAGGCGUGCCAGUUGGAAGAGGACAUUUCUAAGUUCGCCGAGAAGGAUAACAUCGUCUUGGGAGAAGGGGGUAUUACAUUGUCGGGAGGGCAGCGAGCGCGGAUCAGCCUCGCGAGAGCGGUAUACAAAGAUGCAGAUUUGUAUCUGCUUGAUUCACCGUUUGGAUACCUCGACGUAUUGACAGAAAAAGAAAUCUUCGAGUCGUGCGUGUGUAAACUUAUGGCUAAUAAGACGAGAAUCCUGGUGACUUCCAAAAUGGAGCAUCUCAAGAAGGCGGACAAGAUCCUGAUUCUGCAUGAGGGAUCAAGCUAUUUCUACGGAACUUUUUCCGAGCUGCAGAACCUCCAGCCGGAUUUUAGCUCCAAGCUGAUGGGUUGCGACUCAUUCGACCAAUUCUCGGCUGAGCGGCGGAACUCAAUCCUGACCGAAACCCUGCAUCGCUUCUCCCUUGAGGGAGAUGCCCCGGUGUCGUGGACUGAGACUAAAAAGCAGUCGUUUAAGCAAACUGGCGAAUUCGGCGAAAAGCGGAAGAAUAGCAUCCUCAACCCAAUCAACAGCAUUCGGAAGUUCAGCAUCGUCCAAAAGACCCCGCUCCAGAUGAACGGCAUUGAAGAGGACUCAGACGAGCCAUUGGAAAGACGCCUGUCACUGGUCCCAGAUUCGGAGCAGGGUGAAGCAAUUCUGCCUCGGAUCUCGGUCAUCUCGACUGGCCCCACUCUCCAAGCUCGGCGGAGACAGAGCGUGCUUAACUUGAUGACCCACUCCGUGAACCAGGGUCAGAACAUCCACCGCAAAACCACCGCCUCCACCAGGAAGGUGUCACUGGCCCCUCAAGCCAAUCUGACUGAGUUGGAUAUCUACUCCAGAAGGCUCAGCCAGGAAACCGGACUGGAAAUCUCGGAAGAGAUCAACGAAGAGGAUCUCAAAGAGUGUUUCUUCGACGACAUGGAAUCAAUCCCUGCUGUCACUACUUGGAACACCUAUCUCCGCUACAUUACCGUGCACAAGUCACUCAUCUUCGUCCUGAUCUGGUGCCUCGUGAUCUUCCUGGCCGAGGUCGCAGCAUCGCUGGUCGUGCUGUGGCUGCUCGGCAACACCCCACUCCAAGACAAAGGCAACAGCACCCAUUCCCGCAACAACUCCUACGCGGUGAUCAUCACUUCAACUUCGUCCUACUACGUCUUUUACAUCUACGUGGGCGUGGCGGACACGCUCCUGGCUAUGGGGUUCUUUCGCGGGCUGCCUCUUGUCCACACGCUCAUCACUGUGUCAAAGAUUCUCCACCACAAAAUGCUGCACUCCGUGCUCCAGGCCCCUAUGUCGACUUUGAACACGCUUAAGGCCGGAGGCAUCCUUAACAGAUUCUCGAAAGAUAUCGCGAUCUUGGACGAUCUUCUGCCGCUGACUAUCUUUGACUUCAUCCAACUCCUGCUGAUCGUCAUCGGUGCCAUCGCAGUGGUCGCGGUGCUCCAACCGUACAUUUUCGUGGCGACUGUGCCGGUGAUCGUGGCGUUCAUCAUGCUGCGGGCUUACUUUCUUCAGACCUCACAGCAGCUGAAGCAACUCGAAUCGGAGGGUAGAUCACCAAUCUUUACCCACCUCGUCACCUCGCUGAAGGGACUCUGGACCCUGCGCGCAUUUGGACGGCAACCGUACUUCGAGACUCUCUUCCAUAAGGCCCUGAAUCUGCAUACGGCGAAUUGGUUUCUUUACCUCUCGACGCUCCGCUGGUUCCAGAUGCGCAUUGAGAUGAUUUUCGUCAUCUUUUUCAUCGCGGUGACCUUCAUCUCCAUCCUCACCACGGGUGAGGGAGAGGGCAGAGUCGGAAUUAUCCUCACUCUGGCCAUGAACAUCAUGUCCACUCUGCAGUGGGCCGUCAACUCAUCCAUUGACGUGGACUCGCUGAUGCGCUCCGUGUCGAGAGUGUUCAAGUUCAUCGAUAUGCCGACCGAGGGAAAGCCAACUAAGUCGACCAAGCCGUACAAAAACGGACAGCUGAGCAAGGUCAUGAUCAUCGAAAACUCCCACGUGAAAAAGGAUGACAUCUGGCCGUCCGGUGGACAGAUGACGGUGAAGGAUCUGACUGCGAAGUACACUGAGGGAGGGAAUGCCAUCCUCGAAAACAUCUCAUUCUCAAUCUCCCCUGGACAGAGGGUCGGGCUGCUGGGCCGCACUGGCUCGGGGAAGUCGACUCUUCUUUCGGCAUUUCUGCGCUUGCUCAAUACCGAGGGAGAAAUCCAGAUCGAUGGAGUGUCAUGGGACUCGAUCACCCUGCAGCAGUGGCGCAAGGCUUUUGGCGUCAUCCCGCAAAAGGUGUUCAUCUUCUCGGGCACUUUUAGAAAGAAUCUGGAUCCCUACGAACAGUGGUCAGAUCAAGAGAUUUGGAAAGUCGCAGACGAAGUGGGCCUCCGGUCCGUGAUUGAACAGUUUCCGGGAAAGCUCGACUUCGUGCUUGUGGACGGAGGAUGUGUGCUGAGCCACGGCCACAAACAGCUCAUGUGCCUGGCUCGGUCGGUCCUGUCGAAAGCAAAGAUCCUGCUGCUGGACGAACCGUCGGCACACCUCGAUCCAGUGACGUACCAGAUCAUCCGGCGGACCCUGAAGCAGGCCUUCGCAGACUGCACUGUCAUUUUGUGUGAACACAGAAUCGAAGCUAUGUUGGAGUGCCAGCAGUUCCUGGUCAUCGAAGAAAACAAAGUCCGCCAGUACGAUUCGAUUCAGAAGCUGCUGAACGAACGGAGCCUCUUCAGACAGGCGAUCAGCCCCAGCGAUCGGGUCAAGUUGUUCCCGCAUCGGAACAGCAGCAAGUGUAAGUCAAAGCCUCAGAUCGCUGCACUCAAAGAAGAGACUGAAGAAGAAGUGCAAGACACCAGACUCUGA (SEQ ID NO: 12) SEQ ID NO: 13AUGCAGCGCUCGCCUCUGGAGAAAGCCUCAGUCGUGUCAAAACUGUUCUUUAGCUGGACUCGCCCGAUUCUCCGGAAGGGUUAUAGACAGCGCUUGGAGCUCUCCGACAUCUACCAAAUCCCUUCCGUGGACUCCGCCGACAACCUGUCGGAGAAGCUCGAACGCGAGUGGGACCGGGAACUCGCGUCCAAAAAGAAUCCAAAACUCAUUAAUGCACUGCGCCGCUGCUUCUUCUGGCGCUUUAUGUUUUACGGUAUCUUUCUCUACCUGGGCGAGGUGACGAAAGCAGUGCAGCCGCUCCUGCUUGGCAGAAUUAUCGCCUCGUACGAUCCGGAUAACAAAGAAGAACGCUCAAUCGCUAUCUACCUCGGUAUCGGAUUGUGCCUGCUUUUCAUCGUGCGCACCCUGUUGCUGCACCCGGCGAUUUUCGGACUCCACCACAUCGGAAUGCAAAUGAGAAUUGCAAUGUUCUCAUUGAUCUACAAAAAGACCCUUAAACUGUCGUCCCGCGUCCUCGACAAGAUUUCAAUCGGCCAGCUGGUGUCGCUUCUUUCGAAUAAUCUUAACAAGUUCGAUGAAGGACUCGCGCUCGCCCAUUUCGUGUGGAUCGCACCACUUCAAGUCGCACUGCUCAUGGGACUGAUUUGGGAGUUGCUGCAGGCUUCCGCCUUUUGCGGCCUGGGAUUCCUGAUCGUCCUGGCUUUGUUCCAGGCUGGACUGGGCAGAAUGAUGAUGAAGUACCGGGACCAGCGGGCAGGAAAGAUCAGCGAAAGGCUCGUGAUCACUAGCGAAAUGAUCGAGAACAUCCAAUCCGUCAAGGCGUACUGCUGGGAAGAAGCGAUGGAGAAGAUGAUCGAAAAUCUUCGCCAGACCGAACUCAAACUCACUAGAAAGGCUGCCUACGUGCGCUACUUUAACAGCUCAGCAUUUUUCUUCUCCGGAUUUUUCGUGGUGUUCCUGUCGGUGCUGCCAUACGCCCUGAUCAAGGGGAUCAUUCUUCGCAAAAUCUUCACCACGAUCUCAUUCUGCAUUGUCCUCCGGAUGGCCGUGACGCGGCAGUUCCCUUGGGCAGUGCAAACUUGGUACGAUUCGCUGGGGGCCAUUAACAAGAUUCAAGAUUUUCUUCAAAAGCAGGAGUACAAAACCCUGGAGUACAAUCUGACCACUACGGAAGUCGUGAUGGAAAACGUGACUGCUUUUUGGGAGGAAGGCUUCGGCGAACUUUUUGAAAAGGCAAAGCAAAACAAUAACAACAGAAAGACGUCAAACGGCGAUGACUCGCUGUUCUUCUCCAAUUUCUCCCUGCUCGGCACCCCUGUGCUGAAGGACAUCAACUUCAAAAUUGAACGCGGACAGCUGCUGGCCGUGGCGGGAUCGACCGGGGCUGGGAAAACCUCGUUGUUGAUGGUGAUCAUGGGAGAACUCGAACCCUCGGAGGGAAAGAUUAAGCAUAGCGGACGGAUCAGCUUCUGUUCCCAGUUCUCGUGGAUCAUGCCGGGAACCAUUAAGGAAAACAUCAUCUUCGGCGUGUCCUACGACGAGUACCGGUAUAGGUCGGUGAUCAAGGCCUGCCAGUUGGAAGAGGACAUCUCCAAGUUCGCUGAGAAGGACAACAUCGUGCUCGGUGAAGGGGGCAUUACUCUGUCCGGUGGCCAGCGCGCGAGAAUUUCGCUGGCUCGCGCGGUGUACAAAGAUGCGGAUCUCUAUCUGCUGGAUUCGCCCUUCGGAUACCUCGAUGUCCUCACGGAGAAGGAGAUCUUCGAAUCGUGCGUGUGCAAGUUGAUGGCGAACAAGACUAGGAUCCUGGUCACUUCCAAGAUGGAGCACUUGAAGAAGGCCGAUAAGAUCUUGAUCCUCCAUGAAGGAUCGAGCUACUUUUACGGAACUUUCUCAGAGCUGCAGAACUUGCAGCCGGACUUCUCAAGCAAACUGAUGGGUUGCGACUCGUUCGACCAGUUUUCGGCAGAACGGCGGAACUCGAUCCUGACUGAGACUCUGCAUCGCUUUUCGCUGGAAGGCGAUGCCCCUGUGUCCUGGACUGAAACCAAGAAGCAAUCCUUCAAACAAACUGGAGAAUUCGGAGAAAAGCGGAAGAACUCCAUCCUUAACCCCAUCAAUAGCAUCCGGAAGUUCUCAAUCGUCCAAAAGACCCCGCUGCAGAUGAAUGGCAUCGAAGAAGAUAGCGACGAACCUCUUGAAAGACGGCUGUCCUUGGUGCCAGACUCAGAACAGGGAGAAGCUAUCCUGCCGCGGAUCUCCGUGAUCAGCACCGGACCGACUCUGCAGGCUCGCAGACGCCAGAGCGUGCUCAACCUGAUGACCCACUCCGUGAACCAGGGACAAAACAUCCAUAGAAAGACCACGGCCUCCACCAGAAAAGUCUCCCUGGCACCGCAAGCCAACCUGACUGAACUGGACAUCUACAGCAGAAGGCUCAGCCAAGAAACCGGACUGGAGAUUUCAGAAGAAAUCAACGAGGAAGAUCUUAAAGAGUGCUUCUUCGACGACAUGGAAUCGAUCCCAGCCGUGACCACUUGGAAUACCUAUCUGAGAUACAUCACCGUGCACAAAUCCCUGAUCUUCGUGCUGAUCUGGUGCCUGGUGAUCUUCCUGGCUGAGGUGGCCGCCUCACUGGUGGUGCUUUGGUUGCUGGGGAAUACGCCGCUCCAAGACAAGGGAAACUCCACGCACUCCAGAAACAACUCGUACGCCGUGAUCAUCACGUCGACUUCGUCGUACUACGUGUUCUACAUCUACGUCGGUGUGGCAGACACUCUCUUGGCGAUGGGCUUUUUCCGGGGACUGCCACUGGUCCACACCCUGAUCACCGUGUCCAAAAUCUUGCACCACAAGAUGCUCCACAGCGUGCUGCAAGCCCCGAUGAGCACCCUGAAUACCCUCAAAGCGGGAGGCAUCCUCAACAGAUUCAGCAAGGACAUCGCCAUCCUCGACGACCUGUUGCCCCUGACCAUCUUCGAUUUCAUCCAGCUUCUUCUCAUCGUGAUCGGGGCAAUCGCUGUCGUGGCGGUGCUGCAGCCGUACAUCUUCGUGGCGACUGUGCCAGUGAUCGUCGCCUUUAUCAUGCUGCGGGCCUACUUUCUCCAAACUUCCCAACAGCUGAAACAACUGGAGUCGGAGGGCCGCAGCCCUAUCUUCACCCAUCUGGUGACCAGCCUCAAAGGACUGUGGACUCUGAGGGCUUUCGGGAGGCAGCCAUACUUCGAGACUCUCUUUCACAAGGCCCUGAAUCUCCAUACGGCAAAUUGGUUUUUGUAUUUGAGUACCCUCCGAUGGUUUCAGAUGCGCAUUGAGAUGAUUUUUGUGAUCUUCUUUAUCGCGGUGACUUUUAUCUCCAUCUUGACCACGGGAGAGGGCGAGGGACGGGUCGGUAUUAUCCUGACACUCGCCAUGAACAUUAUGAGCACUUUGCAGUGGGCAGUGAACAGCUCGAUUGAUGUGGAUAGCCUGAUGAGGUCCGUUUCGAGGGUCUUUAAGUUCAUCGACAUGCCGACGGAGGGAAAGCCCACAAAAAGUACGAAACCCUAUAAGAAUGGGCAAUUGAGUAAGGUAAUGAUCAUCGAGAACAGUCACGUGAAGAAGGAUGACAUCUGGCCUAGCGGGGGUCAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACCUGACGGCAAAAUACACCGAGGGAGGGAACGCAAUCCUUGAAAACAUCUCGUUCAGCAUUAGCCCCGGUCAGCGUGUGGGGUUGCUCGGGAGGACCGGGUCAGGAAAAUCGACGUUGCUGUCGGCCUUCUUGAGACUUCUGAAUACAGAGGGUGAGAUCCAGAUCGACGGCGUUUCGUGGGAUAGCAUCACCUUGCAGCAGUGGCGCAAGGCGUUCGGAGUCAUUCCCCAAAAGGUGUUCAUCUUUUCGGGAACCUUCCGCAAGAAUCUGGAUCCGUACGAACAGUGGAGCGACCAAGAGAUUUGGAAAGUGGCAGAUGAAGUGGGAUUGCGGAGCGUCAUCGAACAGUUUCCGGGAAAGCUCGAUUUCGUCCUUGUGGACGGUGGAUGUGUGCUGUCGCACGGCCAUAAGCAGCUGAUGUGUCUCGCCCGCUCGGUGCUGUCAAAGGCGAAGAUCCUCUUGCUGGAUGAGCCAUCAGCCCAUCUGGACCCGGUGACGUACCAGAUCAUUAGACGGACGCUGAAACAGGCAUUCGCGGACUGCACUGUGAUCCUCUGUGAACAUCGGAUCGAGGCCAUGCUGGAGUGUCAACAAUUCUUGGUCAUCGAAGAGAACAAAGUGCGGCAGUACGACAGCAUCCAAAAGCUGCUGAACGAGAGGUCCCUCUUCCGCCAGGCCAUCUCCCCAUCCGACCGGGUCAAGCUGUUCCCUCACCGCAACAGCUCAAAGUGCAAAUCCAAACCCCAGAUCGCAGCGCUGAAAGAAGAAACUGAAGAAGAAGUGCAAGACACUAGACUGUGA (SEQ ID NO: 13) SEQ ID NO: 14AUGCAAAGGUCCCCAUUGGAGAAGGCCUCAGUGGUGUCGAAGCUGUUCUUCUCGUGGACCAGGCCUAUCCUCCGGAAGGGAUACAGACAGCGGCUGGAACUGUCCGAUAUCUACCAGAUCCCCAGCGUGGACAGCGCCGAUAAUCUCAGCGAAAAGCUGGAACGGGAAUGGGACCGCGAACUCGCUUCGAAGAAGAACCCGAAGCUGAUUAAUGCUCUGCGGAGAUGUUUCUUUUGGCGGUUCAUGUUUUACGGAAUCUUUCUGUACUUGGGAGAGGUCACGAAGGCUGUGCAGCCUCUGCUGCUGGGACGGAUUAUCGCGUCGUAUGACCCCGACAAUAAGGAAGAACGCAGCAUCGCAAUCUACCUGGGCAUCGGAUUGUGCCUGCUGUUCAUCGUGAGAACUCUCCUGCUGCAUCCAGCCAUCUUCGGACUCCACCACAUUGGAAUGCAGAUGAGAAUCGCAAUGUUCUCCCUGAUCUACAAGAAAACGCUCAAGCUCAGCAGCCGCGUGCUCGAUAAGAUCAGCAUCGGUCAAUUGGUGUCCCUGCUGUCGAAUAACCUCAACAAGUUCGACGAAGGGUUGGCCCUCGCUCACUUCGUGUGGAUCGCACCUCUGCAAGUGGCCCUGCUGAUGGGACUGAUUUGGGAGCUGCUGCAGGCUUCCGCUUUCUGCGGCCUGGGAUUUCUUAUCGUGCUUGCUCUGUUCCAGGCGGGACUGGGACGCAUGAUGAUGAAGUACCGGGACCAACGGGCUGGAAAGAUCAGCGAACGGCUGGUGAUCACUUCCGAAAUGAUUGAGAAUAUCCAGUCAGUCAAGGCGUACUGCUGGGAAGAGGCUAUGGAAAAGAUGAUUGAAAAUCUGAGACAAACCGAGCUGAAGCUGACUCGGAAAGCGGCCUACGUCAGAUACUUCAAUAGCUCAGCUUUCUUUUUCUCGGGGUUUUUCGUCGUGUUCCUGUCGGUGCUUCCCUAUGCCCUGAUUAAGGGCAUCAUUCUGCGCAAGAUCUUCACUACGAUCUCAUUCUGCAUCGUGCUGCGCAUGGCUGUGACCAGACAAUUCCCGUGGGCCGUGCAAACCUGGUACGAUUCACUGGGAGCCAUCAACAAGAUCCAAGACUUUCUCCAAAAACAGGAGUAUAAGACCCUGGAGUACAACCUGACUACUACCGAGGUGGUGAUGGAGAACGUGACUGCGUUUUGGGAAGAAGGGUUCGGCGAACUGUUUGAAAAGGCCAAGCAGAACAAUAACAACAGAAAGACUUCAAACGGAGAUGACUCGCUGUUCUUUUCGAACUUCAGCCUGCUGGGUACCCCAGUGUUGAAAGAUAUCAACUUCAAGAUUGAGAGAGGACAGCUGCUGGCUGUGGCGGGAUCCACCGGAGCAGGAAAAACUUCACUCCUGAUGGUGAUCAUGGGAGAACUCGAACCGUCAGAGGGGAAGAUUAAACACUCGGGAAGAAUCUCAUUUUGCUCCCAAUUUUCAUGGAUUAUGCCGGGAACCAUUAAAGAAAACAUUAUCUUCGGCGUGUCCUACGACGAGUACCGCUACAGAUCGGUGAUCAAAGCAUGCCAGCUGGAAGAGGACAUCUCGAAAUUCGCUGAAAAAGACAAUAUCGUGCUCGGGGAAGGCGGCAUCACCCUCAGCGGAGGACAACGGGCACGGAUUUCGCUCGCACGCGCAGUCUACAAAGACGCCGAUCUCUACCUCUUGGACAGCCCAUUCGGGUAUCUGGACGUGCUCACCGAGAAAGAGAUCUUCGAAAGCUGCGUCUGCAAGCUCAUGGCCAACAAGACCCGCAUCCUCGUGACGUCGAAGAUGGAACAUCUUAAGAAGGCUGACAAGAUUCUCAUUCUCCAUGAAGGGAGCUCAUACUUCUACGGCACCUUUUCCGAGCUCCAGAAUCUGCAACCGGACUUCUCGUCCAAGCUGAUGGGCUGCGAUUCGUUUGAUCAGUUCUCCGCCGAGCGGAGAAACAGCAUUCUGACGGAAACCCUGCACCGGUUCUCGCUGGAAGGCGAUGCACCGGUGUCGUGGACCGAAACUAAGAAGCAAUCGUUCAAGCAGACGGGAGAGUUUGGAGAGAAGCGGAAAAACUCCAUCCUCAACCCGAUCAACAGCAUCCGGAAGUUCAGCAUCGUGCAAAAGACCCCGCUCCAGAUGAAUGGCAUUGAAGAGGACUCCGACGAACCUUUGGAACGCAGACUGAGCCUCGUGCCGGAUUCAGAACAGGGAGAAGCCAUUCUGCCACGGAUCUCCGUGAUCAGCACUGGGCCAACUCUCCAAGCACGGCGGAGGCAGUCCGUGCUGAAUCUUAUGACGCACAGCGUGAACCAAGGGCAGAACAUCCAUAGAAAAACGACCGCUUCGACCAGGAAAGUCUCCCUCGCCCCACAAGCUAACCUCACGGAACUGGAUAUCUACUCCCGCAGACUGUCGCAAGAGACUGGCCUUGAGAUCUCCGAAGAGAUUAACGAAGAAGAUCUCAAAGAAUGUUUCUUCGAUGAUAUGGAAUCAAUCCCGGCAGUGACCACUUGGAACACCUACUUGCGCUAUAUCACUGUGCACAAAAGCCUUAUCUUCGUCCUCAUCUGGUGCCUCGUCAUCUUCCUGGCUGAGGUCGCAGCCUCGCUGGUCGUGCUCUGGUUGCUCGGAAACACUCCGCUGCAGGAUAAGGGGAAUUCGACUCACUCGCGGAACAAUUCGUACGCUGUCAUUAUCACCUCGACGUCGUCAUACUACGUGUUUUACAUCUACGUGGGAGUGGCUGACACUCUGUUGGCUAUGGGGUUCUUUCGCGGCCUGCCACUGGUCCAUACUCUCAUUACUGUGUCCAAAAUCCUUCAUCACAAGAUGUUGCAUUCAGUGCUGCAAGCACCGAUGUCCACCCUCAAUACCCUUAAGGCUGGCGGGAUUCUCAACCGCUUCUCGAAAGACAUCGCCAUCCUCGAUGAUCUUCUGCCUCUCACCAUCUUUGAUUUCAUCCAGCUGCUCCUGAUCGUGAUCGGAGCGAUUGCCGUGGUGGCAGUGUUGCAGCCGUACAUCUUUGUCGCAACUGUGCCGGUCAUCGUCGCCUUCAUCAUGCUGCGCGCCUACUUCUUGCAAACGUCACAGCAACUGAAGCAGCUUGAAUCCGAGGGAAGAUCACCUAUCUUCACCCACCUCGUGACUUCGCUGAAGGGGCUGUGGACGCUGCGCGCAUUUGGAAGGCAACCGUACUUCGAGACUUUGUUCCACAAGGCGCUCAAUCUUCACACUGCCAAUUGGUUCUUGUACCUGUCAACGCUGAGAUGGUUUCAGAUGCGGAUCGAAAUGAUCUUCGUGAUCUUCUUUAUCGCGGUGACUUUCAUCUCGAUCCUGACUACCGGAGAGGGAGAAGGACGGGUGGGUAUUAUCCUCACUCUGGCGAUGAACAUCAUGUCGACGCUUCAGUGGGCGGUGAAUAGCUCAAUCGAUGUCGACUCGCUGAUGCGCUCCGUGAGCCGGGUGUUUAAGUUCAUCGACAUGCCAACUGAAGGGAAGCCGACCAAGUCGACCAAACCGUACAAAAACGGACAGCUCUCCAAGGUGAUGAUUAUCGAGAAUUCCCACGUGAAAAAGGACGACAUCUGGCCAUCCGGUGGACAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACCUGACCGCGAAGUACACUGAGGGAGGCAACGCAAUCCUUGAGAACAUCAGCUUCUCCAUCUCGCCCGGUCAGAGGGUGGGCCUUCUUGGCCGGACCGGAUCGGGAAAGUCCACUCUUCUGUCGGCCUUUCUUCGCCUCUUGAAUACUGAAGGGGAAAUCCAGAUCGACGGAGUGUCGUGGGAUAGCAUCACUCUGCAGCAGUGGCGGAAAGCGUUUGGAGUAAUCCCCCAAAAGGUCUUUAUCUUUAGCGGAACCUUCCGAAAGAAUCUCGAUCCUUAUGAACAGUGGUCAGAUCAAGAGAUUUGGAAAGUCGCGGACGAGGUUGGCCUUCGGAGUGUAAUCGAGCAGUUUCCGGGAAAACUCGACUUUGUCCUUGUAGAUGGGGGAUGCGUCCUGUCGCAUGGGCACAAGCAGCUCAUGUGCCUGGCGCGAUCCGUCCUCUCUAAAGCGAAAAUUCUUCUCUUGGAUGAACCUUCGGCCCAUCUGGACCCGGUAACGUAUCAGAUCAUCAGAAGGACACUUAAGCAGGCGUUUGCCGACUGCACGGUGAUUCUCUGUGAGCAUCGUAUCGAGGCCAUGCUCGAAUGCCAGCAAUUUCUUGUCAUCGAAGAGAAUAAGGUCCGCCAGUACGACUCCAUCCAGAAGCUGCUUAAUGAGAGAUCAUUGUUCCGGCAGGCGAUUUCACCAUCCGAUAGGGUGAAACUUUUUCCACACAGAAAUUCGUCGAAGUGCAAGUCCAAACCGCAGAUCGCGGCCUUGAAAGAAGAGACUGAAGAAGAAGUUCAAGACACGCGUCUUUAA (SEQ ID NO: 14) SEQ ID NO: 15AUGCAGCGGUCCCCGCUCGAAAAGGCCAGUGUCGUGUCCAAACUCUUCUUCUCAUGGACUCGGCCUAUCCUUAGAAAGGGGUAUCGGCAGAGGCUUGAGUUGUCUGACAUCUACCAGAUCCCCUCGGUAGAUUCGGCGGAUAACCUCUCGGAGAAGCUCGAACGGGAAUGGGACCGCGAACUCGCGUCUAAGAAAAACCCGAAGCUCAUCAACGCACUGAGAAGGUGCUUCUUCUGGCGGUUCAUGUUCUACGGUAUCUUCUUGUAUCUCGGGGAGGUCACAAAAGCAGUCCAACCCCUGUUGUUGGGUCGCAUUAUCGCCUCGUACGACCCCGAUAACAAAGAAGAACGGAGCAUCGCGAUCUACCUCGGGAUCGGACUGUGUUUGCUUUUCAUCGUCAGAACACUUUUGUUGCAUCCAGCAAUCUUCGGCCUCCAUCACAUCGGUAUGCAGAUGCGAAUCGCUAUGUUUAGCUUGAUCUACAAAAAGACACUGAAACUCUCGUCGCGGGUGUUGGAUAAGAUUUCCAUCGGUCAGUUGGUGUCCCUGCUUAGUAAUAACCUCAACAAAUUCGAUGAGGGACUGGCGCUGGCACAUUUCGUGUGGAUUGCCCCGUUGCAAGUCGCCCUUUUGAUGGGCCUUAUUUGGGAGCUGUUGCAGGCAUCUGCCUUUUGUGGCCUGGGAUUUCUGAUUGUGUUGGCAUUGUUUCAGGCUGGGCUUGGGCGGAUGAUGAUGAAGUAUCGCGACCAGAGAGCGGGUAAAAUCUCGGAAAGACUCGUCAUCACUUCGGAAAUGAUCGAAAACAUCCAGUCGGUCAAAGCCUAUUGCUGGGAAGAAGCUAUGGAGAAGAUGAUUGAAAACCUCCGCCAAACUGAGCUGAAACUGACCCGCAAGGCGGCGUAUGUCCGGUAUUUCAAUUCGUCAGCGUUCUUCUUUUCCGGGUUCUUCGUUGUCUUUCUCUCGGUUUUGCCUUAUGCCUUGAUUAAGGGGAUUAUCCUCCGCAAGAUUUUCACCACGAUUUCGUUCUGCAUUGUAUUGCGCAUGGCAGUGACACGGCAAUUUCCGUGGGCCGUGCAGACAUGGUAUGACUCGCUUGGAGCGAUCAACAAAAUCCAAGACUUCUUGCAAAAGCAAGAGUACAAGACCCUGGAGUACAAUCUUACUACUACGGAGGUAGUAAUGGAGAAUGUGACGGCUUUUUGGGAAGAGGGUUUUGGAGAACUGUUUGAGAAAGCAAAGCAGAAUAACAACAACCGCAAGACCUCAAAUGGGGACGAUUCCCUGUUUUUCUCGAACUUCUCCCUGCUCGGAACACCCGUGUUGAAGGACAUCAAUUUCAAGAUUGAGAGGGGACAGCUUCUCGCGGUAGCGGGAAGCACUGGUGCGGGAAAAACUAGCCUCUUGAUGGUGAUUAUGGGGGAGCUUGAGCCCAGCGAGGGGAAGAUUAAACACUCCGGGCGUAUCUCAUUCUGUAGCCAGUUUUCAUGGAUCAUGCCCGGAACCAUUAAAGAGAACAUCAUUUUCGGAGUAUCCUAUGAUGAGUACCGAUACAGAUCGGUCAUUAAGGCGUGCCAGUUGGAAGAGGACAUUUCUAAGUUCGCCGAGAAGGAUAACAUCGUCUUGGGAGAAGGGGGUAUUACAUUGUCGGGAGGGCAGCGAGCGCGGAUCAGCCUCGCGAGAGCGGUAUACAAAGAUGCAGAUUUGUAUCUGCUUGAUUCACCGUUUGGAUACCUCGACGUAUUGACAGAAAAAGAAAUCUUCGAGUCGUGCGUGUGUAAACUUAUGGCUAAUAAGACGAGAAUCCUGGUGACAUCAAAAAUGGAACACCUUAAGAAGGCGGACAAGAUCCUGAUCCUCCACGAAGGAUCGUCCUACUUUUACGGCACUUUCUCAGAGUUGCAAAACUUGCAGCCGGACUUCUCAAGCAAACUCAUGGGGUGUGACUCAUUCGACCAGUUCAGCGCGGAACGGCGGAACUCGAUCUUGACGGAAACGCUGCACCGAUUCUCGCUUGAGGGUGAUGCCCCGGUAUCGUGGACCGAGACAAAGAAGCAGUCGUUUAAGCAGACAGGAGAAUUUGGUGAGAAAAGAAAGAACAGUAUCUUGAAUCCUAUUAACUCAAUUCGCAAGUUCUCAAUCGUCCAGAAAACUCCACUGCAGAUGAAUGGAAUUGAAGAGGAUUCGGACGAACCCCUGGAGCGCAGGCUUAGCCUCGUGCCGGAUUCAGAGCAAGGGGAGGCCAUUCUUCCCCGGAUUUCGGUGAUUUCAACCGGACCUACACUUCAGGCGAGGCGAAGGCAAUCCGUGCUCAACCUCAUGACGCAUUCGGUAAACCAGGGGCAAAACAUUCACCGCAAAACGACGGCCUCAACGAGAAAAGUGUCACUUGCACCCCAGGCGAAUUUGACUGAACUCGACAUCUACAGCCGUAGGCUUUCGCAAGAAACCGGACUUGAGAUCAGCGAAGAAAUCAAUGAAGAAGAUUUGAAAGAGUGUUUCUUUGAUGACAUGGAAUCAAUCCCAGCGGUGACAACGUGGAACACAUACUUGCGUUACAUCACGGUGCACAAGUCCUUGAUUUUCGUCCUCAUCUGGUGUCUCGUGAUCUUUCUCGCUGAGGUCGCAGCGUCACUUGUGGUCCUCUGGCUGCUUGGUAAUACGCCCUUGCAAGACAAAGGCAAUUCUACACACUCAAGAAACAAUUCCUAUGCCGUGAUUAUCACUUCUACAAGCUCGUAUUACGUGUUUUACAUCUACGUAGGAGUGGCCGACACUCUGCUCGCGAUGGGUUUCUUCCGAGGACUCCCACUCGUUCACACGCUUAUCACUGUCUCCAAGAUUCUCCACCAUAAGAUGCUUCAUAGCGUACUGCAGGCUCCCAUGUCCACCUUGAAUACGCUCAAGGCGGGAGGUAUUUUGAAUCGCUUCUCAAAAGAUAUUGCAAUUUUGGAUGACCUUCUGCCCCUGACGAUCUUCGACUUCAUCCAGUUGUUGCUGAUCGUGAUUGGGGCUAUUGCAGUAGUCGCUGUCCUCCAGCCUUACAUUUUUGUCGCGACCGUUCCGGUGAUCGUGGCGUUUAUCAUGCUGCGGGCCUAUUUCUUGCAGACGUCACAGCAGCUUAAGCAACUGGAGUCUGAAGGGAGGUCGCCUAUCUUUACGCAUCUUGUGACCAGUUUGAAGGGAUUGUGGACGUUGCGCGCCUUUGGCAGGCAGCCCUACUUUGAAACACUGUUCCACAAAGCGCUGAAUCUCCAUACGGCAAAUUGGUUUUUGUAUUUGAGUACCCUCCGAUGGUUUCAGAUGCGCAUUGAGAUGAUUUUUGUGAUCUUCUUUAUCGCGGUGACUUUUAUCUCCAUCUUGACCACGGGAGAGGGCGAGGGACGGGUCGGUAUUAUCCUGACACUCGCCAUGAACAUUAUGAGCACUUUGCAGUGGGCAGUGAACAGCUCGAUUGAUGUGGAUAGCCUGAUGAGGUCCGUUUCGAGGGUCUUUAAGUUCAUCGACAUGCCGACGGAGGGAAAGCCCACAAAAAGUACGAAACCCUAUAAGAAUGGGCAAUUGAGUAAGGUAAUGAUCAUCGAGAACAGUCACGUGAAGAAGGAUGACAUCUGGCCUAGCGGGGGUCAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACCUGACGGCAAAAUACACCGAGGGAGGGAACGCAAUCCUUGAAAACAUCUCGUUCAGCAUUAGCCCCGGUCAGCGUGUGGGGUUGCUCGGGAGGACCGGGUCAGGAAAAUCGACGUUGCUGUCGGCCUUCUUGAGACUUCUGAAUACAGAGGGUGAGAUCCAGAUCGACGGCGUUUCGUGGGAUAGCAUCACCUUGCAGCAGUGGCGGAAAGCGUUUGGAGUAAUCCCCCAAAAGGUCUUUAUCUUUAGCGGAACCUUCCGAAAGAAUCUCGAUCCUUAUGAACAGUGGUCAGAUCAAGAGAUUUGGAAAGUCGCGGACGAGGUUGGCCUUCGGAGUGUAAUCGAGCAGUUUCCGGGAAAACUCGACUUUGUCCUUGUAGAUGGGGGAUGCGUCCUGUCGCAUGGGCACAAGCAGCUCAUGUGCCUGGCGCGAUCCGUCCUCUCUAAAGCGAAAAUUCUUCUCUUGGAUGAACCUUCGGCCCAUCUGGACCCGGUAACGUAUCAGAUCAUCAGAAGGACACUUAAGCAGGCGUUUGCCGACUGCACGGUGAUUCUCUGUGAGCAUCGUAUCGAGGCCAUGCUCGAAUGCCAGCAAUUUCUUGUCAUCGAAGAGAAUAAGGUCCGCCAGUACGACUCCAUCCAGAAGCUGCUUAAUGAGAGAUCAUUGUUCCGGCAGGCGAUUUCACCAUCCGAUAGGGUGAAACUUUUUCCACACAGAAAUUCGUCGAAGUGCAAGUCCAAACCGCAGAUCGCGGCCUUGAAAGAAGAGACUGAAGAAGAAGUUCAAGACACGCGUCUUCACCAUCACCAUCACCAUCACCAUCACCAUUAA (SEQ ID NO: 15) SEQ ID NO: 16AUGGCCACUGGAUCAAGAACCUCACUGCUGCUCGCUUUUGGACUGCUUU GCCUGCCCUGGUUGCAAGAAGGAUCGGCUUUCCCGACCAUCCCACUCUC CAUGCAGCGGUCCCCGCUCGAAAAGGCCAGUGUCGUGUCCAAACUCUUCUUCUCAUGGACUCGGCCUAUCCUUAGAAAGGGGUAUCGGCAGAGGCUUGAGUUGUCUGACAUCUACCAGAUCCCCUCGGUAGAUUCGGCGGAUAACCUCUCGGAGAAGCUCGAACGGGAAUGGGACCGCGAACUCGCGUCUAAGAAAAACCCGAAGCUCAUCAACGCACUGAGAAGGUGCUUCUUCUGGCGGUUCAUGUUCUACGGUAUCUUCUUGUAUCUCGGGGAGGUCACAAAAGCAGUCCAACCCCUGUUGUUGGGUCGCAUUAUCGCCUCGUACGACCCCGAUAACAAAGAAGAACGGAGCAUCGCGAUCUACCUCGGGAUCGGACUGUGUUUGCUUUUCAUCGUCAGAACACUUUUGUUGCAUCCAGCAAUCUUCGGCCUCCAUCACAUCGGUAUGCAGAUGCGAAUCGCUAUGUUUAGCUUGAUCUACAAAAAGACACUGAAACUCUCGUCGCGGGUGUUGGAUAAGAUUUCCAUCGGUCAGUUGGUGUCCCUGCUUAGUAAUAACCUCAACAAAUUCGAUGAGGGACUGGCGCUGGCACAUUUCGUGUGGAUUGCCCCGUUGCAAGUCGCCCUUUUGAUGGGCCUUAUUUGGGAGCUGUUGCAGGCAUCUGCCUUUUGUGGCCUGGGAUUUCUGAUUGUGUUGGCAUUGUUUCAGGCUGGGCUUGGGCGGAUGAUGAUGAAGUAUCGCGACCAGAGAGCGGGUAAAAUCUCGGAAAGACUCGUCAUCACUUCGGAAAUGAUCGAAAACAUCCAGUCGGUCAAAGCCUAUUGCUGGGAAGAAGCUAUGGAGAAGAUGAUUGAAAACCUCCGCCAAACUGAGCUGAAACUGACCCGCAAGGCGGCGUAUGUCCGGUAUUUCAAUUCGUCAGCGUUCUUCUUUUCCGGGUUCUUCGUUGUCUUUCUCUCGGUUUUGCCUUAUGCCUUGAUUAAGGGGAUUAUCCUCCGCAAGAUUUUCACCACGAUUUCGUUCUGCAUUGUAUUGCGCAUGGCAGUGACACGGCAAUUUCCGUGGGCCGUGCAGACAUGGUAUGACUCGCUUGGAGCGAUCAACAAAAUCCAAGACUUCUUGCAAAAGCAAGAGUACAAGACCCUGGAGUACAAUCUUACUACUACGGAGGUAGUAAUGGAGAAUGUGACGGCUUUUUGGGAAGAGGGUUUUGGAGAACUGUUUGAGAAAGCAAAGCAGAAUAACAACAACCGCAAGACCUCAAAUGGGGACGAUUCCCUGUUUUUCUCGAACUUCUCCCUGCUCGGAACACCCGUGUUGAAGGACAUCAAUUUCAAGAUUGAGAGGGGACAGCUUCUCGCGGUAGCGGGAAGCACUGGUGCGGGAAAAACUAGCCUCUUGAUGGUGAUUAUGGGGGAGCUUGAGCCCAGCGAGGGGAAGAUUAAACACUCCGGGCGUAUCUCAUUCUGUAGCCAGUUUUCAUGGAUCAUGCCCGGAACCAUUAAAGAGAACAUCAUUUUCGGAGUAUCCUAUGAUGAGUACCGAUACAGAUCGGUCAUUAAGGCGUGCCAGUUGGAAGAGGACAUUUCUAAGUUCGCCGAGAAGGAUAACAUCGUCUUGGGAGAAGGGGGUAUUACAUUGUCGGGAGGGCAGCGAGCGCGGAUCAGCCUCGCGAGAGCGGUAUACAAAGAUGCAGAUUUGUAUCUGCUUGAUUCACCGUUUGGAUACCUCGACGUAUUGACAGAAAAAGAAAUCUUCGAGUCGUGCGUGUGUAAACUUAUGGCUAAUAAGACGAGAAUCCUGGUGACAUCAAAAAUGGAACACCUUAAGAAGGCGGACAAGAUCCUGAUCCUCCACGAAGGAUCGUCCUACUUUUACGGCACUUUCUCAGAGUUGCAAAACUUGCAGCCGGACUUCUCAAGCAAACUCAUGGGGUGUGACUCAUUCGACCAGUUCAGCGCGGAACGGCGGAACUCGAUCUUGACGGAAACGCUGCACCGAUUCUCGCUUGAGGGUGAUGCCCCGGUAUCGUGGACCGAGACAAAGAAGCAGUCGUUUAAGCAGACAGGAGAAUUUGGUGAGAAAAGAAAGAACAGUAUCUUGAAUCCUAUUAACUCAAUUCGCAAGUUCUCAAUCGUCCAGAAAACUCCACUGCAGAUGAAUGGAAUUGAAGAGGAUUCGGACGAACCCCUGGAGCGCAGGCUUAGCCUCGUGCCGGAUUCAGAGCAAGGGGAGGCCAUUCUUCCCCGGAUUUCGGUGAUUUCAACCGGACCUACACUUCAGGCGAGGCGAAGGCAAUCCGUGCUCAACCUCAUGACGCAUUCGGUAAACCAGGGGCAAAACAUUCACCGCAAAACGACGGCCUCAACGAGAAAAGUGUCACUUGCACCCCAGGCGAAUUUGACUGAACUCGACAUCUACAGCCGUAGGCUUUCGCAAGAAACCGGACUUGAGAUCAGCGAAGAAAUCAAUGAAGAAGAUUUGAAAGAGUGUUUCUUUGAUGACAUGGAAUCAAUCCCAGCGGUGACAACGUGGAACACAUACUUGCGUUACAUCACGGUGCACAAGUCCUUGAUUUUCGUCCUCAUCUGGUGUCUCGUGAUCUUUCUCGCUGAGGUCGCAGCGUCACUUGUGGUCCUCUGGCUGCUUGGUAAUACGCCCUUGCAAGACAAAGGCAAUUCUACACACUCAAGAAACAAUUCCUAUGCCGUGAUUAUCACUUCUACAAGCUCGUAUUACGUGUUUUACAUCUACGUAGGAGUGGCCGACACUCUGCUCGCGAUGGGUUUCUUCCGAGGACUCCCACUCGUUCACACGCUUAUCACUGUCUCCAAGAUUCUCCACCAUAAGAUGCUUCAUAGCGUACUGCAGGCUCCCAUGUCCACCUUGAAUACGCUCAAGGCGGGAGGUAUUUUGAAUCGCUUCUCAAAAGAUAUUGCAAUUUUGGAUGACCUUCUGCCCCUGACGAUCUUCGACUUCAUCCAGUUGUUGCUGAUCGUGAUUGGGGCUAUUGCAGUAGUCGCUGUCCUCCAGCCUUACAUUUUUGUCGCGACCGUUCCGGUGAUCGUGGCGUUUAUCAUGCUGCGGGCCUAUUUCUUGCAGACGUCACAGCAGCUUAAGCAACUGGAGUCUGAAGGGAGGUCGCCUAUCUUUACGCAUCUUGUGACCAGUUUGAAGGGAUUGUGGACGUUGCGCGCCUUUGGCAGGCAGCCCUACUUUGAAACACUGUUCCACAAAGCGCUGAAUCUCCAUACGGCAAAUUGGUUUUUGUAUUUGAGUACCCUCCGAUGGUUUCAGAUGCGCAUUGAGAUGAUUUUUGUGAUCUUCUUUAUCGCGGUGACUUUUAUCUCCAUCUUGACCACGGGAGAGGGCGAGGGACGGGUCGGUAUUAUCCUGACACUCGCCAUGAACAUUAUGAGCACUUUGCAGUGGGCAGUGAACAGCUCGAUUGAUGUGGAUAGCCUGAUGAGGUCCGUUUCGAGGGUCUUUAAGUUCAUCGACAUGCCGACGGAGGGAAAGCCCACAAAAAGUACGAAACCCUAUAAGAAUGGGCAAUUGAGUAAGGUAAUGAUCAUCGAGAACAGUCACGUGAAGAAGGAUGACAUCUGGCCUAGCGGGGGUCAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACCUGACGGCAAAAUACACCGAGGGAGGGAACGCAAUCCUUGAAAACAUCUCGUUCAGCAUUAGCCCCGGUCAGCGUGUGGGGUUGCUCGGGAGGACCGGGUCAGGAAAAUCGACGUUGCUGUCGGCCUUCUUGAGACUUCUGAAUACAGAGGGUGAGAUCCAGAUCGACGGCGUUUCGUGGGAUAGCAUCACCUUGCAGCAGUGGCGGAAAGCGUUUGGAGUAAUCCCCCAAAAGGUCUUUAUCUUUAGCGGAACCUUCCGAAAGAAUCUCGAUCCUUAUGAACAGUGGUCAGAUCAAGAGAUUUGGAAAGUCGCGGACGAGGUUGGCCUUCGGAGUGUAAUCGAGCAGUUUCCGGGAAAACUCGACUUUGUCCUUGUAGAUGGGGGAUGCGUCCUGUCGCAUGGGCACAAGCAGCUCAUGUGCCUGGCGCGAUCCGUCCUCUCUAAAGCGAAAAUUCUUCUCUUGGAUGAACCUUCGGCCCAUCUGGACCCGGUAACGUAUCAGAUCAUCAGAAGGACACUUAAGCAGGCGUUUGCCGACUGCACGGUGAUUCUCUGUGAGCAUCGUAUCGAGGCCAUGCUCGAAUGCCAGCAAUUUCUUGUCAUCGAAGAGAAUAAGGUCCGCCAGUACGACUCCAUCCAGAAGCUGCUUAAUGAGAGAUCAUUGUUCCGGCAGGCGAUUUCACCAUCCGAUAGGGUGAAACUUUUUCCACACAGAAAUUCGUCGAAGUGCAAGUCCAAACCGCAGAUCGCGGCCUUGAAAGAAGAGACUGAAGAAGAAGUUCAAGACACGCGUCUUUAA (SEQ ID NO: 16) SEQ ID NO: 17AUGCAGCGGUCCCCGCUCGAAAAGGCCAGUGUCGUGUCCAAACUCUUCUUCUCAUGGACUCGGCCUAUCCUUAGAAAGGGGUAUCGGCAGAGGCUUGAGUUGUCUGACAUCUACCAGAUCCCCUCGGUAGAUUCGGCGGAUAACCUCUCGGAGAAGCUCGAACGGGAAUGGGACCGCGAACUCGCGUCUAAGAAAAACCCGAAGCUCAUCAACGCACUGAGAAGGUGCUUCUUCUGGCGGUUCAUGUUCUACGGUAUCUUCUUGUAUCUCGGGGAGGUCACAAAAGCAGUCCAACCCCUGUUGUUGGGUCGCAUUAUCGCCUCGUACGACCCCGAUAACAAAGAAGAACGGAGCAUCGCGAUCUACCUCGGGAUCGGACUGUGUUUGCUUUUCAUCGUCAGAACACUUUUGUUGCAUCCAGCAAUCUUCGGCCUCCAUCACAUCGGUAUGCAGAUGCGAAUCGCUAUGUUUAGCUUGAUCUACAAAAAGACACUGAAACUCUCGUCGCGGGUGUUGGAUAAGAUUUCCAUCGGUCAGUUGGUGUCCCUGCUUAGUAAUAACCUCAACAAAUUCGAUGAGGGACUGGCGCUGGCACAUUUCGUGUGGAUUGCCCCGUUGCAAGUCGCCCUUUUGAUGGGCCUUAUUUGGGAGCUGUUGCAGGCAUCUGCCUUUUGUGGCCUGGGAUUUCUGAUUGUGUUGGCAUUGUUUCAGGCUGGGCUUGGGCGGAUGAUGAUGAAGUAUCGCGACCAGAGAGCGGGUAAAAUCUCGGAAAGACUCGUCAUCACUUCGGAAAUGAUCGAAAACAUCCAGUCGGUCAAAGCCUAUUGCUGGGAAGAAGCUAUGGAGAAGAUGAUUGAAAACCUCCGCCAAACUGAGCUGAAACUGACCCGCAAGGCGGCGUAUGUCCGGUAUUUCAAUUCGUCAGCGUUCUUCUUUUCCGGGUUCUUCGUUGUCUUUCUCUCGGUUUUGCCUUAUGCCUUGAUUAAGGGGAUUAUCCUCCGCAAGAUUUUCACCACGAUUUCGUUCUGCAUUGUAUUGCGCAUGGCAGUGACACGGCAAUUUCCGUGGGCCGUGCAGACAUGGUAUGACUCGCUUGGAGCGAUCAACAAAAUCCAAGACUUCUUGCAAAAGCAAGAGUACAAGACCCUGGAGUACAAUCUUACUACUACGGAGGUAGUAAUGGAGAAUGUGACGGCUUUUUGGGAAGAGGGUUUUGGAGAACUGUUUGAGAAAGCAAAGCAGAAUAACAACAACCGCAAGACCUCAAAUGGGGACGAUUCCCUGUUUUUCUCGAACUUCUCCCUGCUCGGAACACCCGUGUUGAAGGACAUCAAUUUCAAGAUUGAGAGGGGACAGCUUCUCGCGGUAGCGGGAAGCACUGGUGCGGGAAAAACUAGCCUCUUGAUGGUGAUUAUGGGGGAGCUUGAGCCCAGCGAGGGGAAGAUUAAACACUCCGGGCGUAUCUCAUUCUGUAGCCAGUUUUCAUGGAUCAUGCCCGGAACCAUUAAAGAGAACAUCAUUUUCGGAGUAUCCUAUGAUGAGUACCGAUACAGAUCGGUCAUUAAGGCGUGCCAGUUGGAAGAGGACAUUUCUAAGUUCGCCGAGAAGGAUAACAUCGUCUUGGGAGAAGGGGGUAUUACAUUGUCGGGAGGGCAGCGAGCGCGGAUCAGCCUCGCGAGAGCGGUAUACAAAGAUGCAGAUUUGUAUCUGCUUGAUUCACCGUUUGGAUACCUCGACGUAUUGACAGAAAAAGAAAUCUUCGAGUCGUGCGUGUGUAAACUUAUGGCUAAUAAGACGAGAAUCCUGGUGACAUCAAAAAUGGAACACCUUAAGAAGGCGGACAAGAUCCUGAUCCUCCACGAAGGAUCGUCCUACUUUUACGGCACUUUCUCAGAGUUGCAAAACUUGCAGCCGGACUUCUCAAGCAAACUCAUGGGGUGUGACUCAUUCGACCAGUUCAGCGCGGAACGGCGGAACUCGAUCUUGACGGAAACGCUGCACCGAUUCUCGCUUGAGGGUGAUGCCCCGGUAUCGUGGACCGAGACAAAGAAGCAGUCGUUUAAGCAGACAGGAGAAUUUGGUGAGAAAAGAAAGAACAGUAUCUUGAAUCCUAUUAACUCAAUUCGCAAGUUCUCAAUCGUCCAGAAAACUCCACUGCAGAUGAAUGGAAUUGAAGAGGAUUCGGACGAACCCCUGGAGCGCAGGCUUAGCCUCGUGCCGGAUUCAGAGCAAGGGGAGGCCAUUCUUCCCCGGAUUUCGGUGAUUUCAACCGGACCUACACUUCAGGCGAGGCGAAGGCAAUCCGUGCUCAACCUCAUGACGCAUUCGGUAAACCAGGGGCAAAACAUUCACCGCAAAACGACGGCCUCAACGAGAAAAGUGUCACUUGCACCCCAGGCGAAUUUGACUGAACUCGACAUCUACAGCCGUAGGCUUUCGCAAGAAACCGGACUUGAGAUCAGCGAAGAAAUCAAUGAAGAAGAUUUGAAAGAGUGUUUCUUUGAUGACAUGGAAUCAAUCCCAGCGGUGACAACGUGGAACACAUACUUGCGUUACAUCACGGUGCACAAGUCCUUGAUUUUCGUCCUCAUCUGGUGUCUCGUGAUCUUUCUCGCUGAGGUCGCAGCGUCACUUGUGGUCCUCUGGCUGCUUGGUAAUACGCCCUUGCAAGACAAAGGCAAUUCUACACACUCAAGAAACAAUUCCUAUGCCGUGAUUAUCACUUCUACAAGCUCGUAUUACGUGUUUUACAUCUACGUAGGAGUGGCCGACACUCUGCUCGCGAUGGGUUUCUUCCGAGGACUCCCACUCGUUCACACGCUUAUCACUGUCUCCAAGAUUCUCCACCAUAAGAUGCUUCAUAGCGUACUGCAGGCUCCCAUGUCCACCUUGAAUACGCUCAAGGCGGGAGGUAUUUUGAAUCGCUUCUCAAAAGAUAUUGCAAUUUUGGAUGACCUUCUGCCCCUGACGAUCUUCGACUUCAUCCAGUUGUUGCUGAUCGUGAUUGGGGCUAUUGCAGUAGUCGCUGUCCUCCAGCCUUACAUUUUUGUCGCGACCGUUCCGGUGAUCGUGGCGUUUAUCAUGCUGCGGGCCUAUUUCUUGCAGACGUCACAGCAGCUUAAGCAACUGGAGUCUGAAGGGAGGUCGCCUAUCUUUACGCAUCUUGUGACCAGUUUGAAGGGAUUGUGGACGUUGCGCGCCUUUGGCAGGCAGCCCUACUUUGAAACACUGUUCCACAAAGCGCUGAAUCUCCAUACGGCAAAUUGGUUUUUGUAUUUGAGUACCCUCCGAUGGUUUCAGAUGCGCAUUGAGAUGAUUUUUGUGAUCUUCUUUAUCGCGGUGACUUUUAUCUCCAUCUUGACCACGGGAGAGGGCGAGGGACGGGUCGGUAUUAUCCUGACACUCGCCAUGAACAUUAUGAGCACUUUGCAGUGGGCAGUGAACAGCUCGAUUGAUGUGGAUAGCCUGAUGAGGUCCGUUUCGAGGGUCUUUAAGUUCAUCGACAUGCCGACGGAGGGAAAGCCCACAAAAAGUACGAAACCCUAUAAGAAUGGGCAAUUGAGUAAGGUAAUGAUCAUCGAGAACAGUCACGUGAAGAAGGAUGACAUCUGGCCUAGCGGGGGUCAGAUGACCGUGAAGGACCUGACGGCAAAAUACACCGAGGGAGGGAACGCAAUCCUUGAAAACAUCUCGUUCAGCAUUAGCCCCGGUCAGCGUGUGGGGUUGCUCGGGAGGACCGGGUCAGGAAAAUCGACGUUGCUGUCGGCCUUCUUGAGACUUCUGAAUACAGAGGGUGAGAUCCAGAUCGACGGCGUUUCGUGGGAUAGCAUCACCUUGCAGCAGUGGCGGAAAGCGUUUGGAGUAAUCCCCCAAAAGGUCUUUAUCUUUAGCGGAACCUUCCGAAAGAAUCUCGAUCCUUAUGAACAGUGGUCAGAUCAAGAGAUUUGGAAAGUCGCGGACGAGGUUGGCCUUCGGAGUGUAAUCGAGCAGUUUCCGGGAAAACUCGACUUUGUCCUUGUAGAUGGGGGAUGCGUCCUGUCGCAUGGGCACAAGCAGCUCAUGUGCCUGGCGCGAUCCGUCCUCUCUAAAGCGAAAAUUCUUCUCUUGGAUGAACCUUCGGCCCAUCUGGACCCGGUAACGUAUCAGAUCAUCAGAAGGACACUUAAGCAGGCGUUUGCCGACUGCACGGUGAUUCUCUGUGAGCAUCGUAUCGAGGCCAUGCUCGAAUGCCAGCAAUUUCUUGUCAUCGAAGAGAAUAAGGUCCGCCAGUACGACUCCAUCCAGAAGCUGCUUAAUGAGAGAUCAUUGUUCCGGCAGGCGAUUUCACCAUCCGAUAGGGUGAAACUUUUUCCACACAGAAAUUCGUCGAAGUGCAAGUCCAAACCGCAGAUCGCGGCCUUGAAAGAAGAGACUGAAGAAGAAGUUCAAGACACGCGUCUUUAA (SEQ ID NO: 17) SEQ ID NO: 18AUGGCCACUGGAUCAAGAACCUCACUGCUGCUCGCUUUUGGACUGCUUUGCCUGCCCUGGUUGCAAGAAGGAUCGGCUUUCCCGACCAUCCCACUCUC C (SEQ ID NO: 18)SEQ ID NO: 19 AUGGCAACUGGAUCAAGAACCUCCCUCCUGCUCGCAUUCGGCCUGCUCUGUCUCCCAUGGCUCCAAGAAGGAAGCGCGUUCCCCACUAUCCCCCUCUC G (SEQ ID NO: 19)SEQ ID NO: 20 CGGGUGGCAUCCCUGUGACCCCUCCCCAGUGCCUCUCCUGGCCCUGGAAGUUGCCACUCCAGUGCCCACCAGCCUUGUCCUAAUAAAAUUAAGUUGCA UCAAGCU

EQUIVALENTS

The specification is most thoroughly understood in light of theteachings of the references cited within the specification. Theembodiments within the specification provide an illustration ofembodiments of the invention and should not be construed to limit thescope of the invention. The skilled artisan readily recognizes that manyother embodiments are encompassed by the invention. All publications andpatents cited in this disclosure are incorporated by reference in theirentirety. To the extent the material incorporated by referencecontradicts or is inconsistent with this specification, thespecification will supersede any such material. The citation of anyreferences herein is not an admission that such references are prior artto the present invention.

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities ofingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in thespecification, including claims, are to be understood as approximationsand may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtainedby the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt tolimit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of theclaims, each numerical parameter should be construed in light of thenumber of significant digits and ordinary rounding approaches. Therecitation of series of numbers with differing amounts of significantdigits in the specification is not to be construed as implying thatnumbers with fewer significant digits given have the same precision asnumbers with more significant digits given.

The use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term“comprising” in the claims and/or the specification may mean “one,” butit is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at least one,”and “one or more than one.” The use of the term “or” in the claims isused to mean “and/or” unless explicitly indicated to refer toalternatives only or the alternatives are mutually exclusive, althoughthe disclosure supports a definition that refers to only alternativesand “and/or.”

Unless otherwise indicated, the term “at least” preceding a series ofelements is to be understood to refer to every element in the series.Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain usingno more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specificembodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents areintended to be encompassed by the following claims.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods andmaterials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used inthe practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methodsand materials are now described.

The publications discussed herein are provided solely for theirdisclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothingherein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention isnot entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention.Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from theactual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice of theinvention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spiritof the invention being indicated by the following claims.

We claim:
 1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an mRNA-loadednanoparticle, wherein the mRNA is an in vitro transcribed mRNA and has acoding sequence at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3, and wherein themRNA encodes a human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR) protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
 2. Thepharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the mRNA has the codingsequence at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO:
 3. 3. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 1, wherein the mRNA has the coding sequence 100%identical to SEQ ID NO:
 3. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1,wherein the mRNA comprises a 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and/or a 3′UTR.
 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the 5′-UTRcomprises SEQ ID NO: 4 and/or the 3′-UTR comprises SEQ ID NO:
 5. 6. Thepharmaceutical composition of claim 4, wherein the mRNA furthercomprises a poly-A tail.
 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6,wherein the poly-A tail is of at least 70, 100, 120, 150, 200, or 250residues in length.
 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4,wherein the mRNA further comprises a 5′ cap.
 9. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 1, wherein the mRNA comprises at least onenonstandard nucleobase.
 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9,wherein the nonstandard nucleobase is chosen from one or more of5-methyl-cytidine, pseudouridine, and 2-thio-uridine.
 11. Thepharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the composition isadministered to the lung by aerosolization.
 12. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 11 wherein the aerosolization is nebulization. 13.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the administrationof the composition results in human CFTR protein expression inepithelial cells of the lung.
 14. The pharmaceutical composition ofclaim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier.
 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1,wherein the nanoparticle comprises one or more organic cations.
 16. Thepharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the one or more organiccations are selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimine(PEI), protamine, PEGylated protamine, poly-L-lysine (PLL), PEGylatedPLL, a cationic lipid and combinations thereof.
 17. The pharmaceuticalcomposition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a polymer.18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the polymercomprises branched PEI with a molecular weight ranging from 10 kDa to 40kDa.
 19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein thenanoparticle is a liposome.